Muri sisitemu ya photovoltaic (PV), amashanyarazi atangwa akoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutanga ingufu. Iyo ingufu zirenze urugero rw'umutwaro, amashanyarazi arenze asubira mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi, bigatuma habaho "umuyoboro usubira inyuma." Amategeko agenga umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi akunze kubuza umuyoboro gusubira inyuma utemewe, kandi gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi ku buryo butemewe bishobora gutera ibihano. Ku mishinga ya PV yagenewe kwiyishyurira nta muyoboro w'amashanyarazi, kurinda umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hagerwe ku bwigenga burambye bw'ingufu.
Kurwanya gusubira inyuma kw'umuvuduko w'amaraso ni iki?
Muri sisitemu ya PV, module z'izuba zikora umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi utaziguye (DC), uhindurwamo umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi usimburana (AC) hakoreshejwe inverter kugira ngo utange imizigo yo mu gace. Iyo umusaruro urenze uwo wakoreshejwe, amashanyarazi arenze asubira mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi, bigatuma amazi asubira inyuma. Sisitemu zifite imikorere yo kurwanya umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi zishobora guhindura umusaruro w'inverter kugira ngo zirebe ko amashanyarazi atangwa yose akoreshwa n'imizigo yo mu gace, bikarinda ingufu zirenze kwinjira mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
Kuki washyiramo Anti-Backflow?
Impamvu nyamukuru zo gushyiraho anti-backflow zirimo:
1. Amabwiriza agenga ikoranabuhanga:Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, amategeko cyangwa ingamba zibuza ingufu zinjira mu muyoboro w’amashanyarazi. Gusubira inyuma kw’amashanyarazi kutemewe bishobora gutera ibihano.
2. Imbibi zo guhuza urubuga:Urusobe rw'amashanyarazi rushyiraho imipaka ikomeye ku ngano y'ingufu zishobora gushyirwamo. Kurenga izi mbibi nta kugenzura bishobora guhungabanya umutekano w'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi.
3. Ihame ryo Kwiyishyurira:Sisitemu za PV zagenewe kwiyifashisha zishyira imbere ikoreshwa ry’umutwaro mu gace runaka. Ingufu zose zirenze zigomba gukumirwa kwinjira mu muyoboro w’amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe ibikoresho birwanya gusubira inyuma kw’amazi.
Ihame ry'imikorere ryo kurwanya gusubira inyuma kw'umuvuduko w'amazi
Sisitemu zo kurwanya gusubira inyuma kw'amazi ubusanzwe zikoresha icyuma gipima gusubira inyuma kw'amazi n'icyuma gihindura umuriro (CT) bishyirwa ku murongo munini. Ibi bice bipima imbaraga z'igihe nyacyo n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi. Iyo umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ubonetse, icyuma gipima amakuru y'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi kuri inverter binyuze mu itumanaho rya RS485. Inverter isubiza mu masegonda make, ikagabanya imbaraga zayo zo gusohora kugira ngo umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ugere kuri grid ube hafi ya zeru.
Ibisubizo byo Kurwanya Gusubira Inyuma
Imiterere itandukanye irahari kugira ngo ihuze n'ibintu bitandukanye:
1. Igisubizo cya Sisitemu yo Kurwanya Gusubira Inyuma mu Kiciro Kimwe
· Ibikoresho bikenewe: inverter ihambiriye gridi, icyuma gipima amazi anyura inyuma, n'insinga y'itumanaho.
· Bikwiriye gukoresha sisitemu nto za PV zo mu mazu.
2. Igisubizo cya Sisitemu yo Kurwanya Gusubira Inyuma mu Mirongo Itatu
· Ku bijyanye na sisitemu zo guturamo zifite ingufu nke, ibipimo bya DC birwanya gusubira inyuma bishobora guhuzwa mu buryo butaziguye n'ibice bisohora AC bya inverter.
· Ku bijyanye na sisitemu zifite ingufu nyinshi, transfoma za CT zimenya umuriro uri ku murongo w’amashanyarazi. Umusaruro wa CT urapimwa hanyuma ugashyirwa mu gipimo cy’amashanyarazi arwanya gusubira inyuma kugira ngo hapimwe neza ingufu.
3. Igisubizo cya sisitemu yo kurwanya gusubira inyuma kw'amazi mu buryo bwinshi (Multi-Inverter Anti-Backflow System).
· Inverters nyinshi zihuzwa binyuze mu buryo bw'itumanaho ku gasanduku k'amakuru.
· Iki gisubizo ni cyiza cyane ku bikoresho binini, gitanga ubushobozi bwo hejuru n'imikorere ikomeye.
Incamake
Ibisubizo birwanya gusubira inyuma kw'amazi bikemura ibibazo bya politiki "ifitanye isano n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ariko idakwirakwira" mu turere twihariye. Byongera umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, byongera umutekano w'imikorere y'amashanyarazi, byongera imikorere myiza y'ingufu, kandi bigahuza n'ikoranabuhanga na politiki zigenda zihinduka. Bikoresheje uburyo bwagenewe bwo kurwanya gusubira inyuma kw'amazi, imishinga ya PV ishobora kwemeza ko iyubahirizwa, yizewe kandi ikagira akamaro mu bukungu.
