Bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu cyacu bushingiye ku bidukikije, ikoranabuhanga rya mono crystalline silicon/poly crystalline silicon photovoltaic ndetse na thin-film BIPV ririmo gukura. Inyubako z’ibyuma zifite inyungu zikomeye ugereranyije n’izindi nyubako mu bijyanye n’imikorere, igishushanyo, ubwubatsi, n’igiciro rusange. Kubera iyo mpamvu, guteza imbere no gukora ubwoko bushya bwa sisitemu yo gushyiramo ibyuma kugira ngo isimbure sisitemu yo gushyiraho ibyuma ifite inguni ni ingenzi cyane.
1. Ubwoko bw'icyuma gifata icyuma gikoresha imirasire y'izuba
Ibyuma byoroheje by’ubwubatsi n’iby’ubwubatsi bito bikoreshwa mu guhitamo ibyuma bitewe n’imiterere y’imiterere yoroshye n’ingano nto y’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba.
Icyuma cyoroheje: Iri jambo risobanura icyuma kizengurutse, icyuma gito gifite inguni, n'icyuma gifite inkuta nto. Iyo icyuma gifite inguni gikoreshejwe nk'ikintu gishyigikira, gishobora gukoresha neza imbaraga z'icyuma kandi kikaba ingirakamaro mu gushyiraho inkingi rusange. Kuri ubu, icyuma gisanzwe cy'inguni kijyanye n'inguni gikoreshwa mu gihugu ugereranije n'inkunga y'izuba, icyitegererezo cy'inyongera ni gito, bityo hakenewe izindi mashini nto kugira ngo zihuze n'iterambere ryihuse ry'inganda zikoresha ingufu z'izuba. Ibyuma bifite inkuta nto bikunze gukorwa mu byuma bifite ubugari bwa mm 1.5-5, bikozwe mu buryo bukonje cyangwa bikonjeshwa kugira ngo bikore ibikoresho by'icyuma bifite inkuta nto bifite ibice bitandukanye n'uburebure butandukanye.
Ugereranyije n'icyuma gishyushye, uburebure bw'icyuma gishyushye bushobora kwiyongeraho 50-60%, kandi igihe cyo guhagarara no guhangana n'ingufu by'igice gishobora kwiyongeraho inshuro 0.5-3, ariko kubera ko icyuma gishyushye gikorerwa mu ruganda ahanini, hakenewe imyobo yo gucukura neza cyane n'amapaneli ya photovoltaic nyuma y'umwobo wo gupfundikira. Kubera ko igice cy'icyuma ari gito, ibikoresho biragoye gukora, kandi kubaka biragoye nyuma y'akabuto ko gutunganya uruganda, gashobora gushyushya galvanizing irinda ingese, kakajyanwa aho gashyirwa. Muri iki gihe, amapaneli menshi yo mu rugo ntashobora guhuzwa neza n'icyuma gishyushye kandi agomba gushyirwa ku kindi gikoresho gihamye (nk'agasanduku ko gukanda).
Ingufu za photovoltaic zikoreshwa cyane muri rusange zirimo ubwoko bwa I, ubwoko bwa H, ubwoko bwa L n'ibikenewe mu buryo butandukanye mu gushushanya ibice byashyizwemo imiterere, kandi ubusanzwe zubakwa mu byuma by'ubwubatsi bya karuboni cyangwa icyuma gito, byoroshye kubaka kandi bihendutse. Uburyo bwo gutunganya nabwo buratandukanye, aho icyuma cyo gusuka gitoranywa gifite ubugari butandukanye bw'icyuma, hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu gushushanya mu cyuma gitunganya ishusho y'uruganda, ubu buryo bwo gukora bushobora kubarwa hakurikijwe imbaraga ku bice bitandukanye by'umushinga wa photovoltaic, kandi icyuma gifite ubugari butandukanye gishobora gukoreshwa ku bice bitandukanye, ibyo bikaba ari byiza kurusha imbaraga ku cyuma gishyushye gikozwe rimwe gusa.
2. Ibisabwa ku mikorere y'ibikoresho by'icyuma bishyigikira ingufu z'izuba, ibikoresho by'icyuma bikoreshwa mu bwubatsi bw'icyuma gikoresha ingufu z'izuba bigomba kugira imikorere ikurikira:
1). Ingufu zo gukurura no gutanga umusaruro. Ingufu nyinshi zishobora kugabanya igice cy'ibyuma, zikagabanya uburemere bw'inyubako, zikagabanya icyuma, kandi zikagabanya ikiguzi cyose cy'umushinga. Ingufu nyinshi zo gukurura zishobora kongera umutekano w'inyubako no kunoza uburyo ikora neza.
2). Ubukomezi no kudacika intege. Ubukomezi bwiza bushobora gutuma inyubako ihinduka cyane mbere yuko inanirwa, bigatuma abakozi bamenya kandi bagashyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa byo kuyikosora mu gihe gikwiye. Ubukomezi bwiza bushobora kandi gukoreshwa mu guhindura ubukomezi bw'aho hantu, inguni y'aho imirasire y'izuba ishyirwa, gukoresha uburyo bwo kuyishyiraho ku ngufu, no kuyishyiraho ku ngufu kugira ngo habeho ikwirakwizwa ry'imbaraga z'imbere, ku buryo inyubako cyangwa bimwe mu bice by'ibanze by'ubukomezi bw'inyubako bikwirakwira, kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu muri rusange. Ubukomezi bwiza butuma inyubako ifata ingufu nyinshi iyo yasenywe n'umutwaro w'impanuka, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane ku bigo by'amashanyarazi byo mu butayu n'ibigo by'amashanyarazi byo ku gisenge byahuye n'umuyaga mwinshi. Ubukomezi bwiza bushobora kandi gutuma inyubako ihangana n'impinduka mu bushobozi bwo kwihanganira imitwaro y'umuyaga usubira.
3). Umuvuduko wo gutunganya. Gukonja, gushyuha, no gusudira byose ni ingero z'ubushobozi bwo gukora neza. Aluminiyumu ikoreshwa mu byuma bipima ikirere ntigomba gusa gushyirwa mu byuma bitandukanye, ahubwo igomba no gukorerwa mu buryo butuma imbaraga, ubuziranenge, gukomera, no kudacika intege.
4). Igihe cyo gukora. Kubera ko igihe cyo gukora igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu ya PV y'izuba kirenga imyaka 20, imikorere myiza yo kurwanya ingese nayo ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cy'ubwiza bwa sisitemu yo kuyishyiraho. Iyo igihe cyo kuyishyigikira ari gito cyane, byangiza imiterere rusange y'inyubako, bikongera igihe cyo kwishyura no kugabanya inyungu rusange z'ubukungu bw'umushinga.
5). Dukurikije ibikubiye mu ngingo zibanziriza iyi, ibyuma bikora ibyuma bikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba bigomba kuba byoroshye kugura, gukora no kugurisha.
3. Isuzumabumenyi rya tekiniki ry'inkunga z'ibyuma bikoresha imirasire y'izuba bishya
Gukoresha icyuma gikingira ingufu z'izuba muri iki gihe birushaho kwiyongera, impamvu y'ingenzi ni uko ubwiza bw'icyuma budahuje muri iki gihe, gushyiraho bisaba gucukura byinshi aho bikorerwa, ariko nyuma yo gucukura icyuma biroroha kwangirika, bityo hakenewe ubwoko bushya bw'icyuma gisimbura izi mpande kugira ngo bigabanye kwangirika no kongera igihe cyo gukora.
Imiterere y'ibanze y'inkunga nshya y'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni iyi ikurikira:
1). Uburyo bw'ibyuma bifasha mu byuma bikonje kandi bifite ishusho yihariye. Icyuma gikonje kandi gifite ishusho yihariye ni uburyo bw'icyuma gipima urumuri gishobora gukorwa mu byiciro, gikora vuba kandi gikora neza. Igice cy'icyuma gikozwe mu byuma bikonje kandi bifite ishusho yihariye ni ubwoko bw'icyuma gikozwe mu byuma bikonje kandi bifatanye aho byakorewe.
2). Sisitemu yo gushyiraho icyuma cya monolithic cyakozwe mu ruganda. Urukuta rw'icyuma rwakozwe mbere rufite purlin rushobora kubakwa no gushyirwa aho ruherereye mbere yo guhuzwa n'ibipande kugira ngo rukore urutonde rwa PV rwose. Ibisabwa mu gushyiraho uru rukuta rw'icyuma ni byinshi cyane, icyuma gikoreshwa ni cyiza cyane, uburyo bwo gutunganya ubuso ni bwiza, kandi itumanaho rya hakiri kare n'abakora ibice bya photovoltaic birakenewe kugira ngo ihuriro rigende neza.
3). Sisitemu yo gushyigikira imiterere y'urukuta rw'amadirishya ifite inkingi y'umurambararo. Birakwiye gukoresha uburyo bwo gushyiraho imiterere y'icyuma cy'umurambararo ku nkuta z'amadirishya ya PV. Kubera ko uburebure bwayo bwo ku ruhande buke, iyo uburebure bw'inyubako cyangwa uburebure bw'inkuta ari burebure, imigozi yo ku ruhande igomba gushyirwaho kugira ngo ikore imiterere y'urukuta rw'amadirishya. Imiterere y'icyuma n'ibintu bicuzwe mu mwanya wacyo bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora imiterere ivanze mu gushushanya urukuta rw'amadirishya rwa fotovoltaic rurerure, bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imiterere y'inyubako yose mu gihe bigabanya ingano y'icyuma gikenewe bityo bikagabanya ikiguzi cyose.
4. Gushyiramo ibikoresho bishya bifasha imirasire y'izuba byakozwe mu rukuta rukonje:
1). Inkunga nshya y’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ikozwe mu rukuta rukonje ku bikoresho by’icyuma yubatswe mu ruganda hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza ibyuma na plastiki. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibyuma na plastiki bushobora guhuza ibyuma n’amapulasitiki bushobora kwihuza n’imiterere itandukanye y’ibikoresho.
2). Inkunga nshya y’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ikonje ifite uburemere bworoshye kandi ifite imyobo myinshi yo kuyishyiraho. Muri rusange, Umusingi wigenga ni wo musingi w’ibanze, hamwe n’umuyoboro w’ihuza wa sima ikomeye wongeweho uko bikenewe. Imisingi cyangwa Imisingi ishingiye ku migozi ishobora gukoreshwa ahantu hameze nabi, ariko Imisingi ya Raft igomba kwirindwa uko bishoboka kose. Imisingi yo hejuru y’inkingi zose zifatanye, mu gihe ibice bikubiye mu migozi ari ishingiro ry’inkingi cyangwa imigozi ivanze ifungishijwe sima idapfa amazi. Ubwo bwoko bwombi bworoshye gutunganya, bworoshye kubaka, kandi bufatanye neza.
