Njengoba ukwanda okusheshayo komnotho wezwe lethu oluhlaza, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-silicon/poly crystalline silicon photovoltaic kanye nobuchwepheshe be-BIPV obuncane kuyavuthwa. Izakhiwo zensimbi zinezinzuzo ezinkulu kunezinye izinhlobo zezakhiwo maqondana nomsebenzi wokusetshenziswa, umklamo, ukwakhiwa, kanye nezindleko eziphelele. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthuthukisa nokukhiqiza uhlobo olusha lwesistimu yokufaka i-photovoltaic yesakhiwo sensimbi ukuze kuthathelwe indawo uhlelo lokufaka insimbi olukhona njengamanje kubalulekile.
1. Uhlobo lwensimbi yebracket yensimbi yelanga
Insimbi yesakhiwo elula kanye nensimbi yesakhiwo evamile enezingxenye ezincane okwamanje isetshenziswa ekukhetheni insimbi ngenxa yezici zesakhiwo esilula kanye nomthamo omncane wokusekelwa kwe-PV yelanga.
Insimbi ekhanyayo esakhiweni: Leli gama libhekisela ensimbini eyindilinga, insimbi encane ekhoneni, kanye nensimbi enodonga oluncane. Uma insimbi ekhoneni isetshenziswa njengento esekelayo, ingase isebenzise kahle amandla ensimbi futhi iwusizo ekufakweni kohlaka lonke. Okwamanje, insimbi ejwayelekile ye-angle kazwelonke uma iqhathaniswa nokusekelwa kwelanga, imodeli yokuzikhethela imbalwa, ngakho-ke kudingeka amamodeli engeziwe ensimbi encane ekhoneni ukuze ivumelane nentuthuko esheshayo yamanje embonini yamandla elanga. Ama-purlin ensimbi enodonga oluncane ngokuvamile enziwa ngamapuleti ensimbi anodonga oluncane obungu-1.5-5mm obukhulu akhiwe ngokubandayo noma asongwe ngokubandayo ukuze kwenziwe imikhiqizo yensimbi enodonga oluncane enezingxenye ezihlukene kanye nobubanzi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi yesigaba esigoqekile esishisayo, irediyasi yokujikeleza yensimbi yesigaba esinodonga oluncane ingandiswa ngo-50-60%, kanti isikhathi sokungangeni kanye nesikhathi sokumelana kwesigaba singandiswa ngezikhathi ezingu-0.5-3, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi insimbi yesigaba esinodonga oluncane icutshungulwa kakhulu efektri, kunesidingo semigodi yokubhoboza enembile kakhulu namaphaneli e-photovoltaic ngemuva kwembobo yesikulufu. Ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye yensimbi incane, amathuluzi kunzima ukusebenza, futhi ukwakhiwa kunzima kakhulu ngemva kwenkinobho yokubhoboza yokucubungula ifektri, ingacwilisa ngokushisa i-galvanizing rust-proof, ithuthelwe ekufakweni kwendawo. Njengamanje, amaphaneli amaningi asekhaya awakwazi ukuhlanganiswa ngqo nokufakwa kwensimbi yesigaba esinodonga oluncane futhi kumele anamathiselwe kwesinye isakhiwo esiqinile esisekelayo (njenge-press block).
I-Photovoltaic esetshenziswa njalo ngokuvamile iqukethe izidingo zomklamo wohlobo lwe-I, uhlobo lwe-H, uhlobo lwe-L kanye nezidingo zomklamo ezahlukahlukene zezingxenye ezihlanganisiwe, futhi imvamisa yakhiwe ngensimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni noma insimbi ye-alloy ephansi, okulula ukuyakha futhi engabizi kakhulu. Izindlela zokucubungula nazo ziyahlukahluka, lapho insimbi yesigaba sokushisela ikhethwa ngobukhulu obuhlukene bepuleti lensimbi, ngokuya ngezidingo zomklamo ensimbini yokucubungula yokushisela yasefektri, le ndlela yokwakha ingabalwa ngokuya ngamandla ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesakhiwo sephrojekthi ye-photovoltaic, futhi ipuleti lensimbi elinobukhulu obuhlukene lingasetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene, okunengqondo kakhulu kunamandla epuletini lensimbi eligoqwe kanye kuphela elishisayo.
2. Izidingo zokusebenza kwezinto zensimbi ezisekela amandla elanga, izinto zensimbi zokwakhiwa kwensimbi yamandla elanga kufanele zibe nokusebenza okulandelayo:
1). Amandla okubamba nokukhipha. Indawo yokukhiqiza ephezulu inganciphisa ingxenye yamalungu ensimbi, inciphise isisindo sokwakha, yonge insimbi, futhi yehlise izindleko zephrojekthi eziphelele. Amandla aphezulu okubamba angakhulisa ukuphepha kwesakhiwo futhi athuthukise ukuthembeka kwaso.
2). Ukuqina nokumelana nokukhathala. Ukuqina okuhle kungabangela isakhiwo ukuba siwohloke kakhulu ngaphambi kokwehluleka, okuvumela abasebenzi ukuthi babone futhi basebenzise izinyathelo zokulungisa ngesikhathi esifanele. Ukuqina okuhle kungasetshenziswa futhi ukulungisa ukucindezeleka kwendawo, i-engeli yokufakwa kwephaneli yelanga, ukusetshenziswa kokufakwa okuphoqelelwe, kanye nokuqina kwesakhiwo ukukhiqiza ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla angaphakathi, ukuze isakhiwo noma ezinye izingxenye zokugxila kokuqala kokucindezeleka kokusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka kwesakhiwo zivame ukufana, futhi zithuthukise amandla okuthwala wonke wesakhiwo. Ukuqina okungcono kuvumela isakhiwo ukuthi simunce amandla engeziwe lapho sibhujiswa umthwalo womthelela, okubaluleke kakhulu eziteshini zamandla zasehlane kanye neziteshi zamandla ophahla ezivezwe emimoyeni enamandla. Ukumelana nokukhathala okungcono kungenza isakhiwo simelane kakhulu nokwehluka kwamandla okumelana nemithwalo yomoya ephindaphindwayo.
3). Ijubane lokucubungula. Ukusebenza okubandayo, ukusebenza okushisayo, kanye nokushiseka konke kuyizibonelo zokusebenza okuhle. I-aluminium esetshenziswa ezakhiweni zensimbi ze-photovoltaic akumele nje ihlanganiswe kalula ezakhiweni nasezintweni ezahlukahlukene, kodwa futhi kumele ihlanganiswe ngendlela yokuthi amandla, ukuqina, ukuqina, kanye nokumelana nokukhathala kungaphazamiseki.
4). Ubude besikhathi senkonzo. Ngenxa yokuthi impilo yokuklama yesistimu ye-solar PV ingaphezu kweminyaka engama-20, ukusebenza kahle kokulwa nokugqwala nakho kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sekhwalithi yesistimu yokufaka. Uma impilo yokusekela imfushane kakhulu, izolimaza ukuzinza kwesakhiwo sonke, yandise isikhathi sokukhokha futhi inciphise inzuzo yezomnotho iyonke yephrojekthi.
5). Ngokuhambisana nezimo ezingenhla, isakhiwo sensimbi yelanga kufanele kube lula ukuyithenga, ukuyikhiqiza, nokuyithengisa.
3. Ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe kwezisekelo zesakhiwo sensimbi yelanga yesizukulwane esisha
Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engela ukwesekwa kwamandla elanga okwamanje kuncike ezimweni eziningi, isizathu esibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ikhwalithi yensimbi ayilingani okwamanje, ukufakwa kudinga inani elikhulu lokubhoboza endaweni, kodwa ngemva kokubhoboza insimbi kulula ukuyigqwala, ngakho-ke uhlobo olusha lwebhulakhethi luyadingeka ukuze kufakwe esikhundleni salezi bhulakhethi zensimbi engela ukuze kuncishiswe ukugqwala futhi kwandiswe isikhathi senkonzo.
Isakhiwo esiyinhloko sokusekelwa kwamandla elanga okusha simi kanje:
1). Uhlelo lwezakhiwo zokusekela zensimbi eziqinile ezakhiwe ngendlela ekhethekile. Insimbi eqinile eyakhiwe ngendlela ekhethekile iwuhlelo lwesakhiwo sensimbi olulinganisa ukukhanya olungenziwa ngamaqoqo, lwakhiwe ngokushesha, futhi lusebenze ngokugcwele. Ibhulakhethi yesakhiwo sensimbi yohlelo lwesakhiwo sensimbi eqinile eyakhiwe ngendlela ekhethekile iwuhlobo lohlaka lwesakhiwo sensimbi olwenziwe ngensimbi eqine eyakhiwe ngendlela ekhethekile ebandayo ehlanganiswe ndawonye endaweni yokusebenza.
2). Uhlelo lokufaka insimbi ye-monolithic eyenziwe efektri. Uhlaka lwensimbi olulungisiwe olune-purlin lungakhiwa futhi lufakwe endaweni ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa namaphaneli ukuze kwakhiwe lonke uhlu lwe-PV. Izidingo zokufakwa kwalesi sibhakede sesakhiwo sensimbi ziphakeme kakhulu, insimbi esetshenziswayo isezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, inqubo yokwelashwa kwendawo inhle, futhi ukuxhumana kwasekuqaleni nabenzi bezingxenye ze-photovoltaic kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuphumelelayo.
3). Uhlelo lwesakhiwo sokusekela i-photovoltaic odongeni olunefreyimu ye-beam-column. Kuyafaneleka ukusebenzisa isisombululo sokufaka isakhiwo sensimbi esinohlaka lwe-beam-column odongeni lwekhethini le-PV. Ngenxa yokuqina kwaso okuphansi ohlangothini, lapho ukuphakama kwesakhiwo noma kwendaba kuphakeme, ama-braces aseceleni kufanele asethwe ukuze akhe isakhiwo sohlaka olusekelayo. Isakhiwo sensimbi nezinto ezifakwe endaweni zivame ukusetshenziswa ukukhiqiza isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe ekwakhiweni kodonga lwekhethini le-photovoltaic oluphakeme, olungathuthukisa ikhono lokulwa nohlangothi lwesakhiwo sonke ngenkathi kunciphisa inani lensimbi elidingekayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise izindleko eziphelele.
4. Ukufakwa kwezingxenye ezintsha zokusekela ilanga ezakhiwe ngodonga oluncane olubandayo:
1). Ukusekelwa kwamandla elanga okwakhiwa ngodonga olubandayo kwamalungu esakhiwo sensimbi kwakhiwe efektri kusetshenziswa izixhumi ezahlukahlukene zensimbi-ipulasitiki. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezixhumi ezihlanganisiwe zensimbi-ipulasitiki ezingase zivumelane nezimo zokufakwa ezahlukahlukene.
2). Ukusekelwa kwamandla elanga okusha okwakhiwa ngodonga oluncane olubandayo kunesisindo esincane futhi kunezimbobo ezengeziwe zokufaka. Ngokuvamile, i-Independent Foundation iyisisekelo esiyinhloko, kanye nogongolo lokuxhuma lwekhonkrithi oluqinisiwe olungeziwe njengoba kudingeka. Izisekelo ze-Strip noma i-Cross Foundations zingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinezimo ezimbi ze-geological, kodwa i-Raft Foundations kufanele igwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka. Izisekelo zekholamu ephezulu zonke ziboshwe nge-hinge, kuyilapho izingxenye ezifakiwe ziyizisekelo zekholamu ezifakiwe noma amabhawodi afakwe ekhonkrithini engangeni manzi. Zombili izinhlobo zilula ukuzicubungula, kulula ukuzakha, futhi zixhunywe kahle.
