I te tere o te horapa o te ōhanga matomato o tō tātou whenua, kei te pakari haere te whakaputa hiko photovoltaic mono crystalline silicon/poly crystalline silicon me te hangarau BIPV angiangi. He nui ngā painga o ngā hanganga maitai i ērā atu momo hanganga e pā ana ki te mahi whakamahi, te hoahoa, te hanganga, me te utu whānui. Nō reira, he mea nui te whakawhanake me te hanga i tētahi momo pūnaha whakairi photovoltaic hanganga maitai hou hei whakakapi i te pūnaha whakairi maitai koki o nāianei.
1. Momo maitai o te pūmau maitai o te rā
Ko te maitai hanganga mama me te maitai hanganga iti-wāhanga e whakamahia ana i roto i te kōwhiringa maitai nā te mea he māmā te hanganga me te iti o te rahinga tautoko photovoltaic o te rā.
Rino hanganga māmā: E pā ana tēnei kupu ki te rino porowhita, te rino koki iti, me te rino pakitara-angiangi. Ina whakamahia te rino koki hei huānga tautoko, ka taea te whakamahi pai i te kaha o te rino, ā, he mea whai hua ki te tāutanga anga whānui. I tēnei wā, he iti noa iho ngā tauira whiriwhiri mō te rino koki paerewa ā-motu e pā ana ki te tautoko rā, nō reira me whai tauira rino koki iti anō kia urutau ki te whanaketanga tere o te umanga pūngao rā. Ko ngā purlins rino pakitara-angiangi he mea hanga i ngā pereti rino pakitara-angiangi matotoru 1.5-5mm ka hangaia matao, ka hurihia matao rānei hei hanga hua rino pakitara-angiangi me ngā momo whakawhiti me ngā diameter rerekē.
Ki te whakaritea ki te maitai wāhanga wera-hurihuri, ka taea te whakanui ake i te radius hurihuri o te maitai wāhanga angiangi mā te 50-60%, ā, ka taea te whakanui ake i te kaha ātete me te kaha ātete o te wāhanga mā te 0.5-3 ngā wā, engari nā te mea ko te maitai pakitara-angi te nuinga o te wā e tukatukahia ana i roto i te wheketere, me whai poka keri tino tika me ngā panera photovoltaic i muri i te poka tīwiri. Nā te mea he iti te wāhanga maitai, he uaua ki te mahi i ngā taputapu, ā, he uaua ake te hanga i muri i te pātene keri tukatuka wheketere, ka taea te whakamahi i te whakakā wera-tō waikura, ka kawe ki te wāhi tāutanga. I tēnei wā, kāore e taea te hono tika i te nuinga o ngā panera whare ki te tāutanga maitai pakitara-angi, me hono atu ki tētahi atu hanganga pūmau āwhina (pēnei i te poraka pēhi).
Ko te whakamahinga whānui o te hiko photovoltaic he momo-I, momo-H, momo-L me ngā momo hoahoa rerekē o ngā wāhanga whakawhiti kua whakaahuatia, ā, he mea hanga i te nuinga o te wā ki te maitai hanganga waro, ki te maitai koranu iti rānei, he ngāwari ki te hanga, he iti hoki te utu. He rerekē anō hoki ngā tikanga tukatuka, ko te maitai wāhanga whakarewa he rerekē te matotoru o te pereti maitai, kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga hoahoa i roto i te āhua tukatuka maitai whakarewa wheketere, ka taea te tatau i tēnei tikanga hanga kia rite ki ngā kaha i runga i ngā wāhanga hanganga rerekē o te kaupapa hiko photovoltaic, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i te pereti maitai he rerekē te matotoru i ngā wāhanga rerekē, he mea whaitake ake i te kaha i runga i te pereti maitai kotahi-wā kua hurihia wera.
2. Mō ngā whakaritenga mahi a te rauemi maitai tautoko i te pūngao rā, me whai i te rauemi maitai o te hanganga maitai pūngao rā ēnei mahi e whai ake nei:
1). Te kaha kume me te kaha tuku. Mā te pūwāhi tuku teitei ka whakaiti i te wāhanga o ngā mema maitai, ka whakaiti i te taumaha hanga, ka penapena maitai, ka whakaiti hoki i ngā utu kaupapa katoa. Mā te kaha kume teitei ka whakanui ake i te rahui haumaru whānui o te hanganga me te whakapai ake i tōna pono.
2). Te pakari me te ātete ngenge. Ka taea e te kirihou pai te whakapohehe i te hanganga i mua i te pakaru, ka taea e ngā kaimahi te tautuhi me te whakatinana i ngā mahi whakatikatika i te wā tika. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te kirihou pai hei whakatika i te ahotea tihi ā-rohe, te koki o te tāutanga o te papa rā, te whakamahi i te tāutanga ā-kaha, me te kirihou o te hanganga hei whakaputa i te tohatoha kaha ā-roto, kia rite ai te hanganga, ētahi wāhanga rānei o te kukū ahotea taketake o te tohatoha ahotea o te hanganga, me te whakapai ake i te kaha kawe whānui o te hanganga. Mā te pakari pai ake ka taea e te hanganga te mimiti i te kaha ake ina pakaruhia e te kawenga pānga, he mea tino nui tēnei mō ngā teihana hiko koraha me ngā teihana hiko tuanui e pāngia ana e ngā hau kaha. Ka taea hoki e te ātete ngenge pai ake te hanga i te hanganga kia ātete ake ki ngā rerekētanga o te kaha ki te tu atu i ngā kawenga hau maha.
3). Te tere tukatuka. Ko te ngāwari ki te mahi mātao, te ngāwari ki te mahi wera, me te ngāwari ki te whakarewa he tauira katoa o te ngāwari ki te mahi. Ko te konumohe e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hanganga maitai photovoltaic me mahi ngāwari noa iho ki te hanga i ngā hanganga me ngā wāhanga rerekē, engari me mahi anō hoki kia kore ai e whakararuraru i te kaha, te kirihou, te pakari, me te ātete ki te ngenge.
4). Te roa o te mahi. Nā te mea he neke atu i te 20 tau te roa o te ora hoahoa o tētahi pūnaha PV rā, he tohu nui anō hoki te pai o te mahi ārai-waikura mō te kounga o te pūnaha whakairi. Mēnā he poto rawa te roa o te ora tautoko, ka kino te pumau whānui o te hanganga, ka roa ake te wā whakahoki moni, ā, ka whakaitihia te painga ōhanga whānui o te kaupapa.
5). E ai ki ngā tikanga o mua, me ngāwari te hoko, te hanga, me te hoko atu i te maitai hanganga maitai pūngao rā.
3. Aromatawai hangarau o ngā tautoko hanganga maitai o te rā o te whakatupuranga hou
Kei te piki haere ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te whakamahinga o te tautoko hiko o te rā, ko te take nui ko te koretake o te kounga o te maitai i tēnei wā, me te maha o ngā keri i te papaanga e hiahiatia ana mō te tāutanga, engari i muri i te keri ka ngāwari te waikura o te maitai, nō reira me whakamahi he momo whāriki hou hei whakakapi i ēnei whāriki maitai kia puhoi ai te waikura me te roa ake o te ora o te mahi.
Ko te hanganga matua o te tautoko pūngao rā hou e whai ake nei:
1). He pūnaha o ngā hanganga tautoko maitai angiangi-matao āhua motuhake. Ko te maitai angiangi-matao āhua motuhake he pūnaha hanganga maitai māmā ka taea te hanga i roto i ngā puranga, te hanga tere, me te mahi katoa. Ko te anga hanganga maitai o te pūnaha hanganga maitai angiangi-matao āhua motuhake he momo anga hanganga maitai i hangaia ki te maitai angiangi-matao kua oti te hanga i mua, ka whakapirihia ki te papa mahi.
2). He pūnaha whakairi maitai monolithic i hangaia i te wheketere. Ka taea te hanga me te whakapiri i te anga maitai kua oti te hanga me ngā purlins ki te papaanga i mua i te whakakotahitanga ki ngā panera hei hanga i te rarangi PV katoa. He tino teitei ngā whakaritenga tāutanga o tēnei whāriki hanganga maitai, he kounga teitei te maitai i whakamahia, he pai te tukanga maimoatanga mata, ā, me whakawhitiwhiti kōrero wawe ki ngā kaihanga wāhanga photovoltaic kia angitu ai te huihuinga.
3). Pūnaha hanganga tautoko photovoltaic pakitara ārai me te anga kurupae-pou. He tika te whakamahi i te otinga whakairinga hanganga maitai anga kurupae-pou mō ngā pakitara ārai PV. Nā te iti o tōna pakari taha, ina teitei te hanganga, te papa rānei, me whakatakoto ngā tautoko taha hei hanga i te hanganga anga tautoko. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te hanganga maitai me ngā huānga whakauru kua whakarewahia ki te wāhi hei whakaputa i tētahi hanganga ranu i roto i te hoahoa o te pakitara ārai photovoltaic teitei, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha ā-taha o te hanganga katoa me te whakaiti i te nui o te maitai e hiahiatia ana, ā, nō reira ka whakaitihia te utu katoa.
4. Te tāutanga o ngā wāhanga tautoko pūngao rā hou, he pakitara angiangi, kua hangaia ki te matao:
1). Ko te tautoko pūngao rā angiangi matao-hangaia auaha mō ngā mema hanganga maitai ka hangaia i roto i te wheketere mā te whakamahi i ngā hononga whakauru maitai-kirihou. He maha ngā momo hononga whakauru maitai-kirihou ka taea te urutau ki ngā āhuatanga tāutanga rerekē.
2). He mama ake te taumaha o te tautoko pūngao rā hou, he pakitara angiangi, he mea hanga-matao, ā, he nui ake ngā kōhao whakairi. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te Tūāpapa Motuhake te tūāpapa matua, me te kurupae hononga raima whakapakari e tāpirihia ana ina hiahiatia. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tūāpapa rīpene, i ngā Tūāpapa Whakawhiti rānei ki ngā wāhi he kino ngā āhuatanga whenua, engari me karohia ngā Tūāpapa Raft i ngā wā katoa e taea ana. He hononga katoa ngā turanga pou o runga, ko ngā wāhanga kua whakauruhia he turanga pou kua whakauruhia, he pūtu kua whakauruhia rānei kua takaihia ki te raima ā-wai. He ngāwari te tukatuka i ngā momo e rua, he ngāwari te hanga, ā, he pai te hono.
