Mu gihe cy’impinduka mu bijyanye n’ingufu zibungabunga ibidukikije, imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zigezweho (Building-Integrated Photovoltaics - BIPV) zigenda zitera imbere nk'ingenzi mu iterambere rirambye mu nganda z’ubwubatsi. Mu ikoranabuhanga riri kuzamuka, ikirahure cy’izuba cya cadmium telluride (CdTe) kigaragara cyane kubera ubushobozi bwacyo bwo hejuru, ubwiza bwacyo, n’imiterere yacyo irinda ibidukikije, bigatuma kiba igisubizo gikomeye ku bikorwa bya BIPV.
1. Imikorere myiza cyane mu buryo bworoshye
Ikirahure cy'izuba cya CdTe, kizwiho gukoresha neza amashanyarazi, kirimo kuba ikintu cy'ingenzi mu rwego rwa BIPV. Gikoresheje icyuma gifata urumuri cya cadmium telluride nk'urwego rwa photovoltaic, gihindura urumuri rw'izuba neza amashanyarazi. Ugereranyije n'uturemangingo tw'izuba dusanzwe dushingiye kuri silikoni, ikirahure cya CdTe gikora neza no mu bihe by'urumuri ruto, gitanga ingufu zizewe kandi zihamye ku nyubako.
Gukoresha cyane ikirahuri cy'izuba cya CdTe mu nyubako ntibihuza gusa n'ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikenewe mu nyubako ahubwo bishobora no kongera ingufu zisigaye mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi, bigatuma ingufu zikoreshwa neza. Iki gisubizo cy'ingufu zikoreshwa neza gifasha kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bigafasha mu guteza imbere inyubako zirinda ibidukikije.
2. Imikorere myiza y'ubushyuhe
Uturemangingo tw’izuba twa CdTe dufite ubushyuhe buke, bigaragaza ko dushobora kwihuza neza n’ahantu hashyuha cyane. Ndetse no mu gihe cy’izuba rishyushye, utwo turemangingo dukomeza gukora neza cyane kandi imikorere yatwo igabanuka cyane. Ibi bituma uturemangingo tw’izuba twa CdTe tuba igisubizo cyiza cyo gutanga ingufu mu bihe bishyushye, dutanga ubufasha bukomeye mu bya tekiniki ku nyubako zishaje n’ibikorwa bya BIPV.
3. Igihe kirekire cyo kubaho no guhagarara
Uturemangingo tw’izuba twa CdTe dukozwe mu buryo bw’ubushyuhe buciriritse na two turagaragara cyane mu kuramba kwatwo no guhagarara neza mu bidukikije byo hanze. Dukurikije ibizamini byakozwe na Laboratwari y’Igihugu Ishinzwe Ingufu Zisubiramo (NREL), uturemangingo twa CdTe twagumanye 88% by’ubushobozi bwatwo bwa mbere nyuma y’imyaka 27 dukora (1995-2021), aho twangiritseho 12% gusa. Mu buryo bunyuranye, uturemangingo twa silikoni dusanzwe dutakaza ubushobozi bwatwo ku kigero cya 20% mu gihe kimwe. Ubu buryo butangaje bwo kuramba butuma uturemangingo twa CdTe tuba isoko yizewe y’ingufu zirambye ku nyubako z’icyatsi kibisi na BIPV.
4. Guhuza neza n'ubwubatsi
Imwe mu mbaraga z'ingenzi z'ikirahure cy'izuba cya CdTe ni imiterere yacyo ihinduka, ijyanye n'ubuhanga bw'abubatsi n'ibyo ba nyir'inyubako bakunze kugeraho. Haba mu ibara, imiterere, cyangwa ingano, ikirahure cya CdTe gishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo gihuzwe neza n'ubwiza bw'inyubako. Ubu buryo bworoshye butuma ikirahure cy'izuba cya CdTe kitaba isoko y'ingufu gusa ahubwo kinaba ikintu gishushanya, bikongera imikorere n'ubwiza bw'inyubako.
5. Itumanaho ry'urumuri ryiza cyane
Module za CdTe zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zihuza cadmium telluride n'ibirahuri biyobora urumuri, bitanga urumuri rwiza mu gihe bihuye n'ibyo inyubako ikeneye ku manywa. Izi module ziboneka mu mabara atandukanye, zituma urumuri rukwirakwira kimwe, zikongera uburyo bwo kureba no gukora neza n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'inyubako.
6. Umutekano wo hejuru
Module zisanzwe z’izuba, iyo zishyizwe mu gicucu gito uko igihe kigenda gihita, zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bukabije, aho ubushyuhe bukabije buterwa n’umuraba mwinshi bushobora kugabanya imikorere no kugabanya igihe cy’imikorere y’urusobe rw’amashanyarazi. Mu bihe bikomeye, ibi bishobora gutera ibyago by’inkongi y’umuriro. Module za CdTe, zifite umuraba muto n’ubushyuhe buke, zigaragaza ingaruka nke ku bushyuhe bukabije, zituma umutekano n’ubudahungabana by’urusobe by’amashanyarazi birushaho kwiyongera.
7. Gukoresha imbaraga nke mu kuzunguruka
Module za CdTe zirakora neza mu gufata urumuri rwinshi, bigatuma zidakenera cyane icyuma gishyirwamo. Nubwo haba hari inguni nyinshi, panels za CdTe zigumana ingufu nyinshi ugereranije n'izindi module, bigatuma ingufu zihinduka neza mu buryo butandukanye mu gushyiraho. Iyi miterere yongera ubushobozi bwo guhindura no guhuza neza ibice bya CdTe mu bikorwa bya BIPV.
8. Ibyiza ku bidukikije no ku bidukikije
Ikirahure cy'izuba cya CdTe gikorwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho n'ubuhanga butangiza ibidukikije, bihuye n'intego z'iterambere rirambye. Ugereranyije n'uturemangingo tw'izuba dusanzwe dushingiye kuri silikoni, umusaruro wa CdTe utanga imyanda mike kandi ufite ibidukikije bike. Byongeye kandi, igihe kirekire cyo kubaho kwacyo gituma habaho imikorere ihamye uko igihe kigenda gihita, bikagabanya gukenera gusimburwa kenshi no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'umutungo n'ingaruka ku bidukikije.
Muri make, ikirahure cy'izuba cya CdTe gitanga igisubizo gikomeye kandi kirambye kuri BIPV, gitanga umusaruro mwiza, ubworoherane, umutekano, n'inyungu ku bidukikije ku nyubako zigezweho z’icyatsi kibisi.
