I waenganui i te hurihanga pūngao matomato, kei te piki haere te kaha o te Hangarau Whakaahua-Whakauru Whare (BIPV) hei kaupapa matua mō te whanaketanga tauwhiro i roto i te umanga hanga. I roto i ngā hangarau hou, ko te karāhe rā cadmium telluride (CdTe) te mea e tu ke ana mō tōna whai huatanga nui, tōna ataahua, me ōna āhuatanga hoa-taiao, e waiho ana hei otinga rongonui mō ngā tono BIPV.
1. Mahi Pai Rawa i te Marama Iti
Ko te karāhe rā CdTe, e mōhiotia ana mō tōna pai o te huringa hiko whakaahua, kei te huri hei hua matua i roto i te rāngai BIPV. Mā te whakamahi i te kiriata angiangi cadmium telluride hei paparanga photovoltaic, ka huri pai te hihi o te rā ki te hiko. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā pūtau rā hiko-hangarau tuku iho, he pai te mahi a te karāhe CdTe ahakoa i roto i ngā āhuatanga iti o te mārama, e whakarato ana i te tuku hiko pono me te pumau mō ngā whare.
Ko te whakamahinga whānui o te karāhe rā CdTe i roto i ngā whare, ehara i te mea ka tutuki noa i ngā hiahia hiko o te hanganga engari ka taea hoki te whakahoki i te pūngao toenga ki te whatunga hiko, kia pai ai te whakamahinga pūngao. Ka āwhina tēnei otinga pūngao tino whai hua ki te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao me ngā tukunga waro, ka whai wāhi ki te whakatairanga i ngā whare matomato.
2. Te Mahi Mahana Tino Pai
He iti te pāmahana o ngā pūtau hiko CdTe angiangi, e whakaatu ana i te tino pai o te urutau ki ngā taiao pāmahana teitei. Ahakoa i ngā raumati wera, ka mau tonu te pai o te mahi a ēnei pūtau me te iti o te hekenga o te mahi. Nā tēnei ka waiho ngā pūtau hiko CdTe hei otinga pai mō te whakaputa pūngao i ngā āhuarangi wera, e whakarato ana i te tautoko hangarau kaha mō ngā whare matomato me ngā tono BIPV.
3. Te Roa o te Ora me te Pūmautanga
He mea whakamiharo hoki ngā pūtau hiko CdTe angiangi-kiriata mō tō rātou pakari me te pumau i roto i ngā taiao o waho. E ai ki ngā whakamātautau mai i te National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), i mau tonu te 88% o te pai o ngā kōwae CdTe i muri i te 27 tau o te mahi (1995-2021), me te 12% noa iho te hekenga. He rerekē, ko ngā kōwae silicon tioata noa ka pāngia e te 20% te ngaronga pai i roto i taua wā anō. Nā tēnei roa whakamiharo ka waiho ngā pūtau CdTe hei puna pono mō te pūngao pumau mō ngā whare matomato me te BIPV.
4. Hototahi Kaha ki te Hanga Whare
Ko tētahi o ngā kaha matua o te karāhe rā CdTe ko tōna hoahoa ka taea te whakarite, e whakatutuki ana i te auahatanga o ngā kaihoahoa me ngā hiahia takitahi o ngā kaipupuri whare. Ahakoa te tae, te kakano, te rahi rānei, ka taea te whakarite i te karāhe CdTe kia pai ai te whakauru atu ki te ataahua o te whare. Mā tēnei ngāwari ka taea e te karāhe rā CdTe te mahi ehara i te mea hei puna hiko anake engari hei wāhanga hoahoa hoki, e whakarei ake ana i te mahi me te ataahua o te hanganga.
5. Te Tukunga Marama Pai rawa atu
Ka whakauruhia e ngā kōwae rā CdTe telluride te cadmium telluride me te karāhe kawe hiko, ka whakarato i te tuku mārama whai hua me te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te whare mō te māramatanga. Kei te wātea i roto i ngā tae rerekē, ka whakarite ēnei kōwae i te horapa ōrite o te mārama, ka whakarei ake i te ōritetanga tirohanga me te mahi ki te hoahoa whare.
6. Haumarutanga Teitei Ake
Ki te āta whakamarumaruhia ngā kōwae rā tuku iho i roto i te wā, ka pāngia pea e ngā pānga werawera, ka taea e te wera nui o te rohe nā te nui o te iahiko te whakaiti i te mahi me te whakapoto i te roanga o te ora o te pūnaha. I ngā wā tino kino, ka arahi pea tēnei ki ngā tūponotanga ahi. Ko ngā kōwae CdTe, me te iti o te iahiko me te iti o te wera e kohia ana, he iti noa iho ngā pānga werawera, e whakarite ana i te haumaru me te pumau o te pūnaha.
7. Te Whakawhirinakitanga Honga Iti
He tino pai ngā kōwae CdTe ki te mimiti mārama marara, ā, kāore e nui te whakawhirinaki ki te koki tāutanga. Ahakoa i raro i ngā koki tino nui, ka mau tonu te whakaputanga pūngao pai ake i ngā kōwae kē atu, kia tino whai hua ai te hurihanga pūngao i roto i ngā āhuatanga tāutanga rerekē. Ka whakarei ake tēnei āhuatanga i te ngāwari me te urutau o ngā kōwae CdTe i roto i ngā tono BIPV.
8. Ngā Painga Taiao me te Oranga Tonutanga
Ka hangaia te karāhe rā CdTe mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi me ngā tikanga e pai ana ki te taiao, e hangai ana ki ngā whāinga whanaketanga tauwhiro. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā pūtau rā tuku iho e ahu mai ana i te silicon, he iti ake te para e puta mai ana i te hanga CdTe, ā, he iti ake te tapuwae taiao. Heoi anō, ko tōna roa o te ora ka whakarite i te mahi pumau i roto i te wā, ka whakaiti i te hiahia mō ngā whakakapinga auau me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga rauemi me te pānga ki te taiao.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te karāhe rā CdTe he otinga kaha, pumau hoki mō te BIPV, e tuku ana i te whai huatanga, te ngāwari, te haumaru, me ngā painga taiao mō te hoahoanga matomato hou.
