Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa maselo a dzuwa kumachepa pamene ma electron-hole awiriawiri amalumikizananso asanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Pamene semiconductor imatenga kuwala pa kutalika koyenera kwa mphamvu, ma electron-hole awiriawiri amapangidwa. Pansi pa kuunikira, kuchuluka kwa chonyamulira mu chinthucho kumaposa kuchuluka kwake kofanana. Pamene gwero la kuwala lachotsedwa, kuchuluka kwa chonyamuliracho kumawola kubwerera ku mkhalidwe wake wofanana mu njira yomwe imadziwika kuti recombination. Pansipa pali njira zosiyanasiyana zobwezeretsanso:
1. Kubwezeretsanso kwa Radiative
Kubwezeretsanso kuwala kwa radiative ndi njira yosiyana ndi njira yoyamwitsa kuwala, pomwe ma elekitironi amasamuka kuchoka pa mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku mphamvu yotsika, ndikutulutsa mphamvu yochulukirapo ngati kuwala. Mtundu uwu wa kubwezeretsanso kuwala ndi wofunika kwambiri mu ma laser a semiconductor ndi ma diode otulutsa kuwala (ma LED) koma suli waukulu mu maselo a dzuwa a silicon.
2. Kubwezeretsanso kwa Auger
Kubwezeretsanso kwa Auger ndi njira yosinthira ya impact ionization. Pamene electron ndi dzenje zigwirizananso, mphamvu yochulukirapo imasamutsidwira ku electron ina m'malo motulutsidwa ngati kuwala. Electron yolimbikitsidwayo imabwerera ku momwe inalili poyamba, kutulutsa ma phonon (mphamvu yogwedezeka). Kubwezeretsanso kwa Auger kumaonekera kwambiri m'zinthu zodzaza kwambiri, makamaka pamene kuchuluka kwa utsi kumapitirira 10¹⁷ cm⁻³, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yolamulira yobwezeretsanso nthawi zina.
3. Kubwezeretsananso Kothandizidwa ndi Msampha
Zodetsa ndi zolakwika mu ma semiconductor zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zilowe mkati mwa bandgap yoletsedwa. Mphamvu ya defect iyi imathandizira njira yobwezeretsanso magawo awiri: electron imamasuka poyamba kuchokera ku conduction band kupita ku defect level kenako kupita ku valence band, komwe imabwereranso ndi dzenje. Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri polimbikitsa recombination ndipo ingakhudze kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a maselo a dzuwa.
4. Kubwezeretsanso Pamwamba
Pamwamba pa semiconductor pakhoza kuonedwa ngati malo okhala ndi zolakwika zambiri chifukwa cha kutha kwa kapangidwe ka kristalo. Zolakwika izi pamwamba zimapanga mphamvu zambiri mkati mwa bandgap yoletsedwa, komwe kubwerezabwereza kungachitike mosavuta. Kubwerezabwereza pamwamba ndi chinthu chofunikira chifukwa kapangidwe ka kristalo pamwamba ndi kosakhazikika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kubwerezabwereza kuchitike m'madera awa.
Mapeto
Mu maselo a dzuwa ogwira ntchito, njira zobwezeretsanso zinthuzi zimathandiza kutayika kwa magwiridwe antchito onse. Ntchito ya opanga maselo ndi kuchepetsa kutayika kumeneku kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito. Njira iliyonse yobwezeretsanso zinthu imakhala ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana, ndipo kuthana ndi izi kudzera mu kusankha zinthu, kusuntha pamwamba, komanso milingo yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya dzuwa ndikofunikira kuti maselo a dzuwa azigwira ntchito bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amasiyanitsa maselo osiyanasiyana amagetsi a dzuwa pamsika, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito awo komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.
