Ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli elanga kuncipha lapho ama-electron-hole pair ehlangana kabusha ngaphambi kokuba asetshenziswe ngempumelelo. Lapho i-semiconductor imunca ukukhanya ku-wavelength efanele, ama-electron-hole pair akhiqizwa. Ngaphansi kokukhanya, ukugcwala kwe-carrier kuleyo nto kudlula inani layo lokulingana. Uma umthombo wokukhanya usususiwe, ukugcwala kwe-carrier kubola kubuyele esimweni sawo sokulingana enqubweni evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-recombination. Ngezansi kunezindlela eziningana ezahlukene zokuhlanganisa:
1. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwemisebe
Ukuhlanganiswa kwemisebe kuyindlela ephambene nenqubo yokumunca ukukhanya, lapho i-electron ishintsha isuka esimweni samandla aphezulu iye esimweni samandla aphansi, ikhipha amandla angaphezulu njengokukhanya. Lolu hlobo lokuhlanganiswa lubalulekile kuma-laser e-semiconductor kanye nama-diode akhipha ukukhanya (ama-LED) kodwa alukho kakhulu kumaseli elanga e-silicon.
2. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Auger
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Auger kuyinqubo ephambene ye-ionization yomthelela. Lapho i-electron kanye nembobo kuhlangana kabusha, amandla adlulele adluliselwa kwenye i-electron esikhundleni sokukhishwa njengokukhanya. I-electron evuselelwe ibe isiphumula ibuyele esimweni sayo sokuqala, ikhulule ama-phononi (amandla okudlidliza). Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Auger kuba sobala kakhulu ezintweni ezixutshwe kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho ukugcwala kokungcola kudlula u-10¹⁷ cm⁻³, okwenza kube yinqubo eyinhloko yokuhlanganiswa kabusha ezimweni ezinjalo.
3. Ukuhlanganiswa Okusizwa Yisicupho
Ukungcola kanye nokukhubazeka kuma-semiconductor kudala amazinga wamandla avunyelwe ngaphakathi kwe-bandgap engavunyelwe. La mazinga wamandla okukhubazeka enza kube lula inqubo yokuphinda kuhlanganiswe ngezinyathelo ezimbili: i-electron iqala iphumule kusukela kubhendi yokuqhuba iye ezingeni lokukhubazeka bese ibuyela kubhendi ye-valence, lapho ihlangana khona nomgodi. Le nqubo isebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukuphinda kuhlanganiswe futhi ingathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwamaseli elanga.
4. Ukuhlanganiswa Komphezulu
Ubuso be-semiconductor bungabonakala njengendawo enezinga eliphezulu lamaphutha ngenxa yokuqedwa kwesakhiwo sekristalu. La maphutha obuso adala izimo eziningi zamandla ngaphakathi kwe-bandgap engavunyelwe, lapho ukuhlangana kabusha kungenzeka kalula khona. Ukuhlangana kabusha kobuso kuyisici esibalulekile ngoba isakhiwo sekristalu ebusweni asijwayelekile kakhulu, okwenza ukuhlangana kabusha kube lula kakhulu kulezi zindawo.
Isiphetho
Kumaseli elanga asebenzayo, lezi zindlela zokuhlanganisa kabusha zinegalelo ekulahlekelweni kokusebenza okuphelele. Umsebenzi wabaklami bamaseli ukunciphisa lokhu kulahlekelwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle. Inqubo ngayinye yokuhlanganisa kabusha iletha izinselele ezahlukene, futhi ukunqoba lokhu ngokukhetha izinto, ukudlulisa ubuso, kanye namazinga e-doping alungiselelwe kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwamaseli elanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zokuklama ezihlukile zihlukanisa amaseli elanga ahlukahlukene athengiswayo emakethe, zithonya ukusebenza kahle kwawo kanye nekhono lokusebenzisa.
