Fufuzani mfundo, mawonekedwe, ubwino, ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ukadaulo wa TOPCon, HJT, Perovskite, ndi IBC solar cell.
Ukadaulo wa TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact)
Mfundo ndi Makhalidwe:
TOPCon ndi ukadaulo wa maselo a dzuwa wozikidwa pa mfundo zosankhidwa zonyamulira. Umawonjezera gawo lochepa kwambiri la silicon dioxide (1–2 nm) ndi gawo la polysilicon lopangidwa kuti lipange kapangidwe kolumikizana kosasinthika. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri kuyanjana kwa pamwamba ndi kuyanjana kwachitsulo. Maselo a TOPCon ali ndi mphamvu yotseguka kwambiri (Voc), zinthu zabwino kwambiri zodzaza (FF), ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yolumikizana pang'ono (J0).
Mapulogalamu:
Maselo a TOPCon ndi abwino kwambiri pazochitika zomwe zimafuna mapanelo a dzuwa ogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, monga magetsi akuluakulu a photovoltaic (PV) ndi makina a padenga. Kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito awo m'malo otentha kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kwambiri madera otentha.
Kufunika ndi Ubwino:
Ndi malire a luso la 28.7%, TOPCon ndi imodzi mwa ukadaulo wothandiza kwambiri wa ma solar cell. Imawonjezera magwiridwe antchito mwa kukonza ma carrier osankhidwa bwino ndipo imatha kulumikizana bwino ndi mizere yomwe ilipo yopanga ma cell a silicon, kuchepetsa ndalama ndi zopinga zaukadaulo pakukweza mafakitale.
Ukadaulo wa HJT (Heterojunction ndi Intrinsic Thin-Layer)
Mfundo ndi Makhalidwe:
HJT imaphatikiza silicon yonyezimira ndi ukadaulo wa filimu yopyapyala kuti ipange kapangidwe ka mbali ziwiri kofanana. Imagwiritsa ntchito mafilimu a silicon osasinthika komanso mafilimu a silicon osasinthika mbali zonse ziwiri za wafer ya silicon yamtundu wa N, ndikupanga mgwirizano wa PN. Ma oxide ozungulira osinthika (TCOs) amathandizira kuyendetsa bwino magetsi.
Mapulogalamu:
Maselo a HJT, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kuwala kochepa komwe kumayambitsa kuwonongeka (LID), ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zapamwamba monga makina a PV padenga, agrivoltaics, ndi ma photovoltaics omangidwa (BIPV).
Kufunika ndi Ubwino:
Ukadaulo wa HJT umapereka mphamvu zopanga zopitilira 24%, zomwe zimatha kupitirira 30%. Ubwino wake ndi monga kukana ku LID ndi PID (kuwonongeka komwe kungayambitse), ma coefficients otsika kutentha, bifacity yapamwamba, komanso magwiridwe antchito otsika kwambiri. Zinthu izi zimatsimikizira mphamvu zambiri komanso zabwino zachuma kuposa maselo a PERC wamba.
Maselo a Dzuwa a Perovskite
Mfundo ndi Makhalidwe:
Maselo a dzuwa a Perovskite amagwiritsa ntchito ma semiconductor a halide achilengedwe omwe ali ndi kapangidwe ka ABX3 ngati zinthu zomwe zimayamwa kuwala. Amasonyeza ma coefficients okwera kwambiri, kutalika kwa kufalikira kwa chonyamulira kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso mipata yosinthika.
Mapulogalamu:
Maselo a Perovskite ndi osinthasintha, amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale akuluakulu opangira magetsi, BIPV, komanso m'nyumba zomwe sizipanga magetsi ambiri.
Kufunika ndi Ubwino:
Maselo a Perovskite apeza mphamvu zogwirira ntchito m'ma laboratories mpaka 25.7%, ndipo ali ndi mwayi woti zinthu ziwonjezeke. Amapereka ndalama zochepa, kupanga zinthu zotentha pang'ono, komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri m'malo opanda kuwala kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale yankho labwino pa zosowa zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi.
Ukadaulo wa IBC (Interdigitated Back Contact)
Mfundo ndi Makhalidwe:
IBC imachotsa ma electrode akutsogolo mwa kuyika zolumikizira zonse kumbuyo kwa selo, kuchotsa zolepheretsa kuyamwa kwa kuwala ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito osinthira.
Mapulogalamu:
Maselo a IBC ndi omwe amakondedwa kwambiri m'misika yapamwamba, monga makina apamwamba a padenga komanso njira zokongoletsa za BIPV.
Kufunika ndi Ubwino:
Ukadaulo wa IBC umathandiza kuti zinthu zizigwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti zinthu zizioneka bwino. Ubwino wake ndi monga kuchepetsa kukana kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kulekerera mthunzi bwino, komanso kusintha mphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ndi kapangidwe kake.
Mapeto
Ukadaulo uliwonse wapamwamba wa ma solar cell umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukweza magwiridwe antchito, kuchepetsa ndalama, ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa ma photovoltaics omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene ukadaulo uwu ukukula ndikukula, udzakulitsa kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a dzuwa, kufulumizitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu zoyera komanso kuthana ndi mavuto a nyengo.
