Uko ubumenyi ku bidukikije bugenda burushaho kwiyongera n'imiterere y'ingufu ihinduka, sisitemu za PV zikoresha imirasire y'izuba mu ngo zarushijeho gukundwa. Izi sisitemu ntizifasha ingo gukoresha ingufu zibungabunga ibidukikije gusa ahubwo zinagabanya amafaranga y'amashanyarazi ndetse zikanabyara andi mafaranga. None se, PV zikoresha imirasire y'izuba mu ngo ni iki? Uburyo bwo kuzishyiraho ni ubuhe? Ni izihe nyandiko zisabwa kugira ngo umuntu yiyandikishe? Ni gute amashanyarazi akorwa acungwa? Ese ashyirwa mu cyiciro cy'umushinga wo kubaka amashanyarazi? Reka turebe ibi bibazo mu buryo burambuye.
Ingufu zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zo mu rugo ni iki?
Ingufu z'izuba zo mu ngo zivamo PV yerekeza kuri sisitemu za photovoltaic zishyirwa ku bisenge cyangwa mu busitani zihindura urumuri rw'izuba mo amashanyarazi yo gukoreshwa mu ngo cyangwa zigashyirwa mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Ubusanzwe izi sisitemu zigizwe n'ingufu z'izuba, inverters, inyubako zo gushyiramo, n'insinga. Ingufu z'izuba zihindura urumuri rw'izuba mo umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi utaziguye (DC), mu gihe inverter ihindura DC mo umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi usimburana (AC) wo gukoreshwa mu ngo cyangwa guhuza umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
Uburyo bwo gushyiraho PV y'izuba yo mu mazu
Gushyira sisitemu ya PV y'izuba mu ngo bikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi z'ingenzi kugira ngo habeho umutekano no kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho:
1. Inama n'Isuzumabumenyi:
Mbere yo gushyiraho, banza uganire n'ikigo cy'amashanyarazi cyo mu gace utuyemo kugira ngo usobanukirwe politiki, inkunga, n'ibisabwa mu guhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Korana n'umuhanga mu gukwirakwiza ibikoresho bya PV kugira ngo urebe niba bishoboka kandi inyungu zo gushyiraho sisitemu y'izuba hashingiwe ku miterere y'igisenge cyawe, amashanyarazi akenewe, n'ingengo y'imari.
2. Igenzura n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'aho hantu:
Itsinda ry’inzobere rizakora igenzura aho hantu kugira ngo bapime ubuso bw’igisenge, icyerekezo, n’uburebure bw’aho giherereye. Bashingiye kuri aya makuru, bazategura sisitemu nziza ya PV y’izuba, bagaragaze imiterere y’izuba, guhitamo inverter, n’inzira y’insinga.
3. Gusinya amasezerano no kugura ibikoresho:
Iyo igishushanyo mbonera kimaze kwemezwa, shyira umukono ku masezerano yemewe n'umucuruzi w'ibicuruzwa agaragaza inshingano. Hanyuma umucuruzi w'ibicuruzwa azagura ibikoresho bikenewe, birimo imirasire y'izuba, inverters, n'insinga, akareba ko byujuje ibisabwa ku rwego rw'igihugu.
4. Gushyiraho no kubaka:
Itsinda rishinzwe gushyiraho amashanyarazi rizakurikiza igishushanyo mbonera kugira ngo rishyireho neza paneli zikoresha imirasire y'izuba, rihuze inverters, kandi rishyire insinga. Amategeko yose agenga umutekano agomba gukurikizwa mu gihe cy'ubwubatsi kugira ngo habeho ubuziranenge n'umutekano w'abakozi.
5. Guhuza no Gupima Grid:
Nyuma yo gushyiraho, ugomba gusaba ko ikigo cy’amashanyarazi gihuza amashanyarazi n’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cy’aho utuye. Bazagenzura ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo barebe ko ryujuje ibisabwa ku miyoboro y’amashanyarazi. Iyo ikoranabuhanga rimaze kwemezwa, rizahuzwa n’ikoranabuhanga kandi rikorerwe isuzuma kugira ngo rimenyekane ko rikora neza.
6. Kubungabunga no Gukoresha:
Nyuma yo guhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, kubungabunga buri gihe ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho umutekano urambye, harimo gusukura imirasire y'izuba, kugenzura imiyoboro y'ibikoresho, no kugenzura imikorere y'uburyo bwo kuyikoresha.
Inyandiko zisabwa kugira ngo umuntu yandikishe PV y'izuba mu mazu ye
Nyuma yo gushyiraho, ugomba kuzuza kwiyandikisha kugira ngo wungukire kuri politiki za leta n'inkunga. Inyandiko zisabwa zisanzwe zirimo:
1. Icyemezo cy'umwirondoro:Indangamuntu yemewe cyangwa ikindi cyemezo cy'uko ari nyir'umutungo w'aho sisitemu ya PV ishyizwe.
2. Icyemezo cy'uko ufite umutungo:Inyandiko nk'inyandiko z'ubutaka, ibyemezo by'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka, cyangwa amasezerano y'ubukode kugira ngo harebwe ko aho hantu hashyirwa hafite uburenganzira bwo gutunganywa byemewe n'amategeko.
3. Gahunda yo Gushushanya Sisitemu:Igishushanyo mbonera cy’umwuga kigaragaza imiterere, urutonde rw’ibikoresho, n’ibipimo bya tekiniki bya sisitemu ya PV.
4. Porogaramu yo guhuza grid:Ifishi ituruka ku kigo cy’ubucuruzi bw’amashanyarazi cyo mu gace utuyemo igaragaza amakuru ajyanye n’ihuza ry’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi.
5. Ibindi bikoresho:Hari uturere dushobora gusaba izindi nyandiko, nka raporo zijyanye n'ibisenge, amasezerano y'abashinzwe iterambere ry'inyubako, cyangwa icyemezo cy'uruhande rwa gatatu.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu mu mirasire y'izuba mu mazu
Sisitemu za PV zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zo mu ngo zishobora kohereza amashanyarazi yose atangwa mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi cyangwa zigahuza amashanyarazi yikoresha n'ayo kugurisha mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi ni ubu:
1. Uburyo bwose bwo gushyiramo gridi:
Amashanyarazi yose atangwa ashyirwa mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi, akwiriye ingo zikoresha umuriro muto ku manywa. Isosiyete y'amashanyarazi igura amashanyarazi ku giciro cyagenwe, kandi yishyurwa buri gihe.
2. Kwiyishyurira hamwe n'ibiryo by'inyongera:
Ubu buryo bukoresha amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu ngo, amafaranga asigaye yose agashyirwa mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Ni bwiza ku ngo zikoresha umuriro mwinshi ku manywa, bigatuma zizigama amafaranga y'amashanyarazi kandi zigatanga inyungu y'inyongera mu ngufu zirenze urugero.
Ese PV y'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ifatwa nk'umushinga wo kubaka ingufu z'amashanyarazi?
Akenshi hari urujijo ku bijyanye no kumenya niba PV y'izuba yo mu ngo ishyirwa mu cyiciro cy'umushinga wo kubaka amashanyarazi. Dukurikije amategeko, imishinga yo kubaka amashanyarazi ikunze kuba ikubiyemo ibikoresho binini byo kubyaza amashanyarazi no kuyakwirakwiza byubatswe n'ibigo by'imari n'ingufu. Sisitemu za PV z'izuba zo mu ngo, ku rundi ruhande, ni imishinga y'abikorera ku giti cyabo, ikoreshwa mu kugurisha amafaranga menshi, kandi ntiri mu cyiciro cy'iyubakwa ry'amashanyarazi.
Nubwo bitashyizwe mu cyiciro cy’inyubako z’amashanyarazi, gushyiraho PV zikoresha imirasire y’izuba mu mazu bigomba gukomeza kubahiriza amahame y’umutekano w’igihugu kugira ngo bikore neza.
