Njengoba ulwazi ngemvelo lukhula futhi izakhiwo zamandla zishintsha, izinhlelo ze-PV zelanga zokuhlala sezithandwa kakhulu. Lezi zinhlelo azisizi nje kuphela imindeni ukuthi isebenzise amandla aluhlaza kodwa futhi zinciphisa izikweletu zikagesi futhi zikhiqize imali engenayo eyengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, iyini ngempela i-PV yelanga yokuhlala? Iyini inqubo yokufaka? Yimaphi amadokhumenti adingekayo ukuze kubhaliswe? Ugesi okhiqizwayo uphathwa kanjani? Ingabe uhlukaniswa njengomsebenzi wokwakha ugesi? Ake sihlole le mibuzo ngokuningiliziwe.
Iyini i-PV yelanga yezindlu?
I-PV yelanga yezindawo zokuhlala ibhekisela ezinhlelweni ze-photovoltaic ezifakwe ophahleni noma emagcekeni aguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi wokusetshenziswa ekhaya noma okufaka kugridi. Lezi zinhlelo ngokuvamile zakhiwa amaphaneli elanga, ama-inverter, izakhiwo zokufaka, kanye nezintambo. Amaphaneli elanga aguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi oqondile (DC), kuyilapho i-inverter iguqula i-DC ibe ugesi oshintshanayo (AC) wokusetshenziswa ekhaya noma ukuhlanganiswa kwegridi.
Inqubo Yokufaka I-PV Yelanga Yezindlu
Ukufaka uhlelo lwe-PV yelanga yokuhlala kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana ezibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuhambisana nezindinganiso:
1. Ukubonisana Nokuhlola:
Ngaphambi kokufaka, xhumana nenkampani yakho yasendaweni ukuze uqonde izinqubomgomo, izibonelelo, kanye nezidingo zokuxhumeka kwegridi. Sebenzisana nomsabalalisi wemishini ye-PV ochwepheshe ukuze uhlole ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukufaka uhlelo lwelanga ngokusekelwe ezimweni zophahla lwakho, izidingo zikagesi, kanye nesabelomali.
2. Ukuhlolwa Nokuklama Kwasendaweni:
Ithimba lochwepheshe lizokwenza ukuhlolwa kwasendaweni ukuze lilinganise indawo yophahla, ukuma, kanye nokuthambekela. Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, bazoklama uhlelo lwe-PV lwelanga olufanele, oluchaza ngokuningiliziwe ukwakheka kwamaphaneli elanga, ukukhethwa kwe-inverter, kanye nomzila wekhebula.
3. Ukusayina Inkontileka Nokuthengwa Kwemishini:
Uma umklamo usuqinisekisiwe, sayina inkontileka esemthethweni nomsabalalisi echaza imisebenzi. Umsabalalisi uzobe esethola imishini edingekayo, okuhlanganisa amaphaneli elanga, ama-inverter, kanye nezintambo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyahlangabezana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke.
4. Ukufakwa Nokwakhiwa:
Ithimba lokufaka lizolandela umklamo wokulungisa amaphaneli elanga ngokuphephile, ukuxhuma ama-inverter, nokubeka izintambo. Zonke izinqubo zokuphepha kumele zilandelwe ngokuqinile ngesikhathi sokwakha ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwabasebenzi.
5. Ukuxhumeka Nokuhlolwa Kwegridi:
Ngemva kokufakwa, udinga ukufaka isicelo sokuxhumeka kwegridi nenkampani yakho yasendaweni. Bazohlola uhlelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi luhlangabezana nezindinganiso zegridi. Uma seluvunyiwe, uhlelo luzoxhunywa kugridi futhi luhlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.
6. Ukugcinwa Nokusebenza:
Ngemva kokuxhumeka kwegridi, ukulungiswa njalo kubalulekile ukuze kube nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanza amaphaneli elanga, ukuhlola ukuxhumeka kwemishini, kanye nokuqapha ukusebenza kohlelo.
Imibhalo Edingekayo Yokubhaliswa Kwe-PV Yelanga Yezindlu
Ngemva kokufakwa, kufanele uqedele ukubhalisa ukuze uzuze ezinqubweni zikahulumeni kanye nezibonelelo. Imibhalo evame ukudingeka ifaka:
1. Ubufakazi Bokuhlonza:Umazisi osebenzayo noma obunye ubufakazi bobunikazi bendawo lapho kufakwe khona uhlelo lwe-PV.
2. Ubufakazi Bobunikazi Bendawo:Amadokhumenti afana nezincwadi zempahla, izitifiketi zokusebenzisa umhlaba, noma izivumelwano zokuqasha ukuqinisekisa ubunikazi obusemthethweni bendawo yokufaka.
3. Uhlelo Lokuklama Uhlelo:Uhlelo lokuklama lochwepheshe oluchaza ukwakheka, uhlu lwemishini, kanye nemininingwane yobuchwepheshe yohlelo lwe-PV.
4. Isicelo Sokuxhumeka Kwegridi:Ifomu elivela enkampanini yendawo enikeza imininingwane yokuxhumeka kwegridi.
5. Ezinye Izinto Zokusebenza:Ezinye izifunda zingadinga amadokhumenti engeziwe, njengemibiko yokuthwala umthwalo ophahleni, izivumelwano zonjiniyela, noma isitifiketi senkampani yangaphandle.
Amamodeli Okusetshenziswa Kwamandla E-PV Yelanga Yezindlu
Izinhlelo ze-PV zelanga zasemakhaya zingafaka wonke ugesi okhiqizwayo kugridi noma zihlanganise ukuzisebenzisa ngokwazo nokuthengiswa kwegridi. Amamodeli amabili ayinhloko yile:
1. Okuphakelayo Okugcwele Kwegridi:
Wonke ugesi okhiqizwayo ufakwa kugridi, ofanele imindeni esetshenziswa kancane emini. Inkampani yezinsizakalo ithenga ugesi ngentengo emisiwe, futhi inkokhelo yenziwa njalo.
2. Ukuzisebenzisa ngokwakho nge-Surplus Feed-in:
Le modeli isebenzisa ugesi okhiqizwayo ngezidingo zasekhaya, kanti noma yikuphi okusele kufakwa kugridi. Ilungele imindeni esetshenziswa kakhulu emini, okuvumela ukonga ezikweletini zikagesi futhi kukhiqize imali engenayo eyengeziwe ngamandla angaphezulu.
Ingabe i-PV yelanga yezindlu ibhekwa njengephrojekthi yokwakha ugesi?
Ngokuvamile kuba nokudideka mayelana nokuthi i-PV yelanga yokuhlala ihlukaniswa njengephrojekthi yokwakha ugesi. Ngokwemithethonqubo, amaphrojekthi okwakha ugesi ngokuvamile ahilela izindawo ezinkulu zokukhiqizwa kukagesi kanye nezindawo zokudlulisa ugesi ezakhiwe yizinkampani zikagesi. Izinhlelo ze-PV zelanga zokuhlala, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziyimiklamo yokukhiqiza ugesi ephethwe ngasese, esakazwayo eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa komuntu siqu kanye nokuthengisa okwengeziwe, futhi aziweli ngaphansi kwesigaba sokwakhiwa kukagesi.
Nakuba kungabhekwa njengokwakhiwa kwamandla, ukufakwa kwe-PV yelanga yezindlu kumele kusanamathele ezindinganisweni zokuphepha zikazwelonke ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile.
