Njengoko ulwazi ngokusingqongileyo lukhula kwaye izakhiwo zamandla zitshintsha, iinkqubo ze-PV zelanga zokuhlala ziye zathandwa kakhulu. Ezi nkqubo azincedi nje kuphela amakhaya ukuba asebenzise amandla aluhlaza kodwa zinciphisa iindleko zombane kwaye zivelise ingeniso eyongezelelweyo. Ngoko ke, yintoni kanye kanye i-PV yelanga yokuhlala? Iyintoni inkqubo yokufakela? Ngawaphi amaxwebhu afunekayo ukuze kubhaliswe? Umbane oveliswayo ulawulwa njani? Ngaba uhlelwa njengeprojekthi yokwakha umbane? Makhe sihlolisise le mibuzo ngokweenkcukacha.
Yintoni i-PV yelanga yokuhlala?
I-PV yelanga yokuhlala ibhekisa kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic ezifakwe eluphahleni okanye kwiiyadi eziguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngumbane wokusetyenziswa ekhaya okanye zifake kwigridi. Ezi nkqubo zihlala ziquka iiphaneli zelanga, ii-inverters, izakhiwo zokufakela, kunye neentambo. Iiphaneli zelanga ziguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngumbane othe ngqo (DC), ngelixa i-inverter iguqula i-DC ibe ngumbane otshintshanayo (AC) wokusetyenziswa ekhaya okanye ukuhlanganiswa kwegridi.
Inkqubo yokufakelwa kwePV yelanga yokuhlala
Ukufakela inkqubo yelanga ye-PV yokuhlala kubandakanya amanyathelo abalulekileyo aliqela ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho:
1. Ukubonisana noVavanyo:
Ngaphambi kokufakela, qhagamshelana nenkampani yakho yeenkonzo zasekhaya ukuze uqonde imigaqo-nkqubo, izibonelelo, kunye neemfuno zoqhagamshelo lwegridi. Sebenzisana nomsasazi wezixhobo ze-PV oqeqeshiweyo ukuze uvavanye ukuba kunokwenzeka na kunye neenzuzo zokufaka inkqubo yelanga ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zophahla lwakho, iimfuno zombane, kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali.
2. Uhlolo kunye noYilo kwindawo:
Iqela leengcali liza kuqhuba uhlolo kwindawo ukuze lilinganise indawo yophahla, indlela olujongwa ngayo, kunye nokuthambeka. Ngokusekelwe kolu lwazi, baza kuyila inkqubo ye-PV yelanga efanelekileyo, bechaza ngokweenkcukacha uyilo lweephaneli zelanga, ukukhethwa kwe-inverter, kunye nokuhanjiswa kweentambo.
3. Ukutyikitywa kweSivumelwano kunye nokuthengwa kwezixhobo:
Nje ukuba uyilo luqinisekisiwe, sayina isivumelwano esisemthethweni nomsasazi esichaza uxanduva. Umsasazi uya kuthenga izixhobo ezifunekayo, kuquka iiphaneli zelanga, ii-inverters, kunye neentambo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yesizwe.
4. Ukufakelwa kunye noKwakha:
Iqela lokufakela liza kulandela uyilo lokulungisa iiphaneli zelanga ngokukhuselekileyo, ukuxhuma ii-inverters, kunye nokubeka iintambo. Zonke iindlela zokhuseleko kufuneka zilandelwe ngokungqongqo ngexesha lokwakha ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi.
5. Uqhagamshelo lweGridi kunye noVavanyo:
Emva kokufakela, kufuneka ufake isicelo soqhagamshelo lwegridi kwinkampani yakho yeenkonzo zasekhaya. Baza kuhlola inkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yegridi. Nje ukuba ivunyiwe, inkqubo iya kuqhagamshelwa kwigridi kwaye ivavanywe ukuqinisekisa ukuba isebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
6. Ukugcinwa kunye nokuSebenza:
Emva koqhagamshelo lwegridi, ukugcinwa rhoqo kubalulekile ukuze kubekho uzinzo oluhlala ixesha elide, kubandakanya ukucoca iiphaneli zelanga, ukujonga uqhagamshelo lwezixhobo, kunye nokujonga ukusebenza kwenkqubo.
Amaxwebhu afunekayo ukuze kubhaliswe i-PV yelanga kwiindawo zokuhlala
Emva kokufakela, kufuneka ugqibezele ubhaliso ukuze uzuze kwimigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente kunye neenkxaso-mali. Amaxwebhu afunekayo adla ngokuquka:
1. Ubungqina bokuchongwa:Isazisi esisebenzayo okanye obunye ubungqina bobunini bendawo apho kufakwe khona inkqubo ye-PV.
2. Ubungqina Bokuba Ngumnini Wepropathi:Amaxwebhu anjengeetayitile zepropathi, izatifikethi zokusetyenziswa komhlaba, okanye izivumelwano zokuqeshisa ukuqinisekisa ubunini obusemthethweni bendawo yokufakela.
3. Isicwangciso soYilo lweNkqubo:Isicwangciso soyilo sobuchwephesha esichaza uyilo, uluhlu lwezixhobo, kunye neenkcukacha zobugcisa zenkqubo ye-PV.
4. Isicelo soQhagamshelo lweGridi:Ifomu evela kwinkampani yeenkonzo zasekuhlaleni echaza iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelo lwegridi.
5. Ezinye izixhobo:Ezinye iindawo zinokufuna amaxwebhu ongezelelweyo, njengeengxelo zokuthwala umthwalo wophahla, izivumelwano zomphuhlisi, okanye isiqinisekiso somntu wesithathu.
Iimodeli zokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwi-PV yelanga yokuhlala
Iinkqubo zelanga ze-PV zasemakhaya zinokufaka wonke umbane oveliswayo kwigridi okanye zidibanise ukuzisebenzisa ngokwazo kunye nokuthengiswa kwegridi. Iimodeli ezimbini eziphambili zezi:
1. I-Grid Feed-in epheleleyo:
Lonke umbane oveliswayo ufakwa kwigridi, efanelekileyo kumakhaya asebenzisa umbane kancinci emini. Le nkampani ithenga umbane ngexabiso elimiselweyo, kwaye intlawulo yenziwa rhoqo.
2. Ukuzisebenzisa ngokwakho ngeSurplus Feed-in:
Le modeli isebenzisa umbane oveliswayo kwiimfuno zasekhaya, kwaye nayiphi na intsalela ifakwa kwigridi. Ilungele amakhaya asebenzisa kakhulu emini, ivumela ukonga kwiibhili zombane kwaye ivelise ingeniso eyongezelelweyo kumandla angaphezulu.
Ngaba i-PV yelanga yokuhlala ithathwa njengeprojekthi yokwakha umbane?
Kudla ngokubakho ukudideka malunga nokuba i-PV yelanga yokuhlala ihlelwa njengeprojekthi yokwakha umbane. Ngokwemigaqo, iiprojekthi zokwakha umbane zihlala ziquka izixhobo ezinkulu zokuvelisa umbane kunye nokuhambisa umbane ezakhiwe ziinkampani ezibonelela ngeenkonzo. Iinkqubo ze-PV zelanga zokuhlala, kwelinye icala, ziiprojekthi zokuvelisa umbane eziphethwe ngabanye, ezisasazwe ngokwenzelwe ukusetyenziswa komntu kunye nokuthengiswa okungaphezulu, kwaye aziweli phantsi kodidi lokwakhiwa kombane.
Nangona ingachazwa njengokwakhiwa kwamandla, ukufakwa kwe-PV yelanga yokuhlala kufuneka kulandele imigangatho yokhuseleko lwesizwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo.
