Niba uteganya gushyiramo bateri y'izuba cyangwa iy'izuba mu rugo rwawe, hari ikibazo injeniyeri yakubaza, ni ukuvuga ko inzu yawe ari imwe cyangwa eshatu?
None rero uyu munsi, reka turebe icyo bisobanura mu by'ukuri n'uko bikora hamwe no gushyiraho bateri zikoresha imirasire y'izuba cyangwa izikoresha imirasire y'izuba.
Icyiciro kimwe n'icyiciro cya gatatu bivuze iki?
Nta gushidikanya ko icyiciro twahoraga tuvuga kivuga ku ikwirakwizwa ry'umutwaro. Icyiciro kimwe ni insinga imwe ishyigikira umuryango wawe wose, mu gihe icyiciro cya gatatu ari insinga eshatu zishyigikira.
Ubusanzwe, insinga imwe ni insinga imwe ikora n'indi idafite aho ihuriye n'inzu, mu gihe insinga eshatu ari insinga eshatu zikora n'indi idafite aho ihuriye n'inzu. Ikwirakwizwa n'imiterere y'izi nsinga biterwa n'ikwirakwizwa ry'imizigo twavuzeho.
Mu bihe byashize, amazu menshi yakoreshaga amatara, firigo na televiziyo mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki. Kandi muri iki gihe, nk'uko twese tubizi, ntabwo ari ugukundwa kw'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi gusa, ahubwo no mu ngo aho ibikoresho byinshi bimanikwa ku rukuta kandi ikintu kikinjira igihe cyose tuvuga.
Bityo, amashanyarazi y’ibice bitatu yaratangiye kubaho, kandi inyubako nshya nyinshi zikoresha ibice bitatu. Kandi imiryango myinshi ifite icyifuzo gikomeye cyo gukoresha ingufu z’ibice bitatu kugira ngo ihaze ibyo ikeneye mu buzima bwayo bwa buri munsi, ibi biterwa nuko ibice bitatu bifite ibice bitatu cyangwa insinga zo kuringaniza umutwaro, mu gihe igice kimwe gifite kimwe gusa.
Bashyiraho bate bateri y'izuba cyangwa iy'izuba?
Gushyiramo imirasire y'izuba y'icyiciro cya gatatu n'iy'icyiciro kimwe bisa niba wari usanzwe ufite ingufu z'icyiciro cya gatatu mu nzu yawe. Ariko niba atari byo, inzira yo kuvugurura imirasire y'izuba y'icyiciro kimwe ikajya ku y'icyiciro cya gatatu ni yo igora cyane mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho.
Ni irihe tandukaniro rikomeye riri mu gushyiraho ingufu z’ibyiciro bitatu? Igisubizo ni ubwoko bwa inverter. Kugira ngo ingufu zihuzwe n’ikoreshwa mu rugo, sisitemu ya batiri y’izuba ifite icyiciro kimwe ikoresha inverter ifite icyiciro kimwe kugira ngo ihindure ingufu za DC zibikwa mu turemangingo tw’izuba na batiri mu ngufu za AC. Ku rundi ruhande, inverter ifite ibyiciro bitatu izakoreshwa muri sisitemu ya batiri y’izuba ifite ibyiciro bitatu kugira ngo ihindure ingufu za DC mu ngufu za AC zifite ibyiciro bitatu bingana.
Nanone abantu bamwe bashobora gukunda isoko y'amashanyarazi ifite ibyiciro bitatu ifite umutwaro munini bashobora gushyirwaho inverter ifite icyiciro kimwe. Ariko nyuma y'ibyo ingaruka zizagenda ziyongera kandi biragoye gucunga ingufu ziturutse mu byiciro bitandukanye. Muri icyo gihe, insinga n'ibikoresho bigabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ni byiza cyane kuri ibi bice kugira ngo bihuze sisitemu.
Ku rugero runaka, ikiguzi cyo gushyiraho sisitemu ya batiri y'izuba ifite ibyiciro bitatu gishobora kuba kiri hejuru kurusha sisitemu ya batiri y'izuba ifite icyiciro kimwe. Ibi biterwa nuko sisitemu ya batiri y'izuba ifite ibyiciro bitatu ari nini, ihenze cyane, kandi iragoye kandi itwara igihe kinini kuyishyiraho.
Ni gute wahitamo ingufu z'icyiciro kimwe cyangwa eshatu?
Niba wifuza guhitamo neza sisitemu y'izuba ifite ibyiciro bitatu cyangwa kimwe, biterwa n'uburyo amashanyarazi akoreshwa. Iyo amashanyarazi akenewe cyane, sisitemu y'izuba ifite ibyiciro bitatu ni yo mahitamo meza. Bityo rero ni ingirakamaro ku ngufu z'ubucuruzi, amazu afite imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu cyangwa pisine, ingufu z'inganda, n'amazu manini y'amagorofa.
Sisitemu y'izuba y'ibice bitatu ifite ibyiza byinshi, kandi ibyiza bitatu by'ingenzi ni: ingufu zihamye, ikwirakwizwa ry'amashanyarazi ringana ndetse n'insinga zihendutse. Ntituzongera kurakazwa n'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ridahindagurika kuko ingufu zigenda neza zizagabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'ibikoresho, mu gihe ingufu zihagije zizagabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'amashanyarazi. Muri ubu buryo, nubwo sisitemu y'izuba y'ibice bitatu ihenze kuyishyiraho, ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi ni gito cyane.
Ariko, niba udakeneye ingufu nyinshi, sisitemu y'izuba ifite ibice bitatu si amahitamo meza. Urugero, ikiguzi cya inverters kuri sisitemu y'izuba ifite ibice bitatu ni kinini kuri bimwe mu bice, kandi mu gihe sisitemu yangiritse, ikiguzi cyo kuyisana kiziyongera bitewe n'igiciro kinini cya sisitemu. Rero mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi ntabwo dukeneye ingufu nyinshi, sisitemu ifite ibice bimwe ishobora guhaza ibyo dukeneye byose, kimwe no ku miryango myinshi.
