Iyo izuba ry'impeshyi ritwitse ubutaka, inganda zitanga amashanyarazi za PV zitangira igihe cy'ingufu nyinshi mu mwaka. Ariko, inyuma y'uru rumuri rutangaje, ubushyuhe bwinshi, imirasire ikomeye, n'ibindi bidukikije bikomeye bitanga imbogamizi zidasanzwe ku mikorere no kubungabunga inganda zitanga amashanyarazi zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Kugira ngo inganda zitanga amashanyarazi za PV zikore neza kandi mu buryo buhoraho mu bihe bikomeye nk'ibi, iyi nkuru izasuzuma ibibazo bikunze kugaragara mu gihe cyo gukoresha no kubungabunga inganda zitanga amashanyarazi za PV mu mpeshyi kandi ikugezeho ibisubizo bitandukanye bigamije kugufasha guhangana byoroshye n'ibibazo byo kwemeza ko ingufu zituruka ku bidukikije zitanga umusaruro uhoraho.
Ubwa mbere, ubushobozi bwa module za PV buragabanuka iyo hari ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'impeshyi bushobora kongera ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bwa module za PV, bikagabanya imikorere myiza yo guhindura amashanyarazi. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, abakozi bakora n'abashinzwe kubungabunga uruganda rw'amashanyarazi bashobora gufata ingamba zikurikira.
Gusukura ubuso bwa module za PV buri gihe bigabanya ivumbi n'imyanda ikusanyirizwa hamwe kandi bikongera umuvuduko wo kohereza urumuri.
Kugira ngo ugabanye ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bw'ibikoresho bya PV, shyiramo ibikoresho byo gutwikira hejuru yabyo, nk'imiyoboro yo gutwikira izuba cyangwa amabati yo gutwikira izuba.
Kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka z'imirasire y'ubushyuhe hagati y'ibice, ongera imiterere ya sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ushushanya inguni y'ihindagurika ry'ibice, intera y'umurongo, n'ibindi biranga neza.
Icya kabiri, gushyuha cyane kwa Inverter kwangiza imikorere.
Inverters ni kimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi mu ruganda rw'amashanyarazi rwa PV, kandi imikorere yabyo igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere myiza y'uruganda rw'amashanyarazi. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo mu mpeshyi bushobora gutuma inverter ishyuha cyane igatakaza imikorere. Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, abakozi bakora mu mirimo no mu gusana bashobora gufata ingamba zikurikira:
Komeza imiterere y'uburyo inverter ikoresha mu gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe wongere umufana ukoresha ubushyuhe, wongere uburyo bwo gushyushya, n'ibindi.
Reba uko inverter ikora buri gihe, kandi ukureho ivumbi n'umwanda kuri radiator uko bikenewe.
Shyiraho igicucu kikikije inverter kugira ngo ugabanye ubushyuhe bw'ikirere.
Icya gatatu, gusaza vuba kw'insinga.
Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo mu mpeshyi n'imirasire ikomeye ya ultraviolet bishobora kwihutisha gusaza kw'insinga, bishobora gutuma insinga zicika, uruziga rudakora neza, n'ibindi bibazo. Kugira ngo insinga zikore neza, abakozi bashinzwe kuyikoresha no kuyisana bashobora gufata ingamba zikurikira:
Guhitamo ibikoresho by'insinga bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi no gusaza;
Reba buri gihe uko insinga zishyirwa mu cyuma zimeze n'uko zihuzwa, kandi usimbuze insinga zishaje igihe bibaye ngombwa.
Shyiramo ibikoresho byo gukingira izuba hafi y'insinga kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka z'urumuri rwa UV.
Icya kane, akaga inkuba zishobora guteza ku mutekano w’ikigo cy’amashanyarazi.
Impeshyi ni igihe cy’inkuba nyinshi, kandi imirabyo n’imvura bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye by’umutekano ku ruganda rw’amashanyarazi rwa PV. Kugira ngo ikigo cy’amashanyarazi gikore neza, abakozi bashinzwe kugitunganya bashobora gufata ingamba zikurikira:
Shyiramo uburyo bwo kurinda inkuba, nk'inkoni z'inkuba n'imigozi, kugira ngo urinde ibikoresho bya sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi gukubitwa n'inkuba.
Suzuma buri gihe imikorere n'uko ibikoresho birinda inkuba bikora kugira ngo urebe neza ko bikora neza.
Itegure imvura nyinshi igwa usuzuma uburyo bwo gusohora amazi n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kugabanya amazi.
Icya gatanu, ubushobozi bwo gukingira ubutaka buri hasi cyane.
Ibibazo byinshi bizavuka mu gihe cy'ikirere gikabije mu mpeshyi, urugero, ibice by'agasanduku kadakoresha amazi bishobora kwangirika. Uhuye n'ibi bibazo, ikosa rikunze kugaragara ni "impedance nke yo gukingira ubutaka". Dushobora gukoresha igisubizo cyihuse:
Reba insinga za DC, ibice bizikikije, n'amazi ari mu gisenge. Insinga za DC zangiritse ni zo zikunze guteza ibibazo byo gufunga insinga. Ibi birimo insinga ziri hagati ya modules, insinga ziri hagati ya modules na inverter, cyane cyane insinga ziri mu mfuruka n'insinga zisigaye hanze nta miyoboro, zigomba gusuzumwa neza.
Suzuma agasanduku ka DC cyangwa aka AC. Gushyiramo amasasu nta mwanya wateguwe cyangwa ushyizwemo nabi bishobora gutuma amazi menshi y'imvura yiyongera mu masasu, bigatuma umuyoboro utagira ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Inverter ya PV ntabwo ifite ishingiro rikwiye. Iyo inverter idashingiye ku butaka cyangwa idashingiye ku butaka bihagije, ntabwo ishobora kumenya neza agaciro k'ingufu zo gukingira ibice kuva ku butaka kugera ku butaka, bigatuma habaho amatangazo atari yo.
Icya gatandatu, ibura ry'amashanyarazi.
Mu mpeshyi, ikirere cy'ubururu n'ibicu byera biherekezwa n'inkubi y'umuyaga itunguranye, kandi amashanyarazi abura buri gihe, bikaba bimwe mu bintu bisanzwe mu butumwa bw'amakosa mu nganda z'amashanyarazi za PV. Kugira ngo dukemure ikibazo cy'ibura ry'amashanyarazi, tugomba gukora iperereza ryimbitse no gushakisha ibisubizo byihariye.
Ubwa mbere, tugomba kumenya niba umuriro w’amashanyarazi warangiritse. Iyo bigaragaye ko amashanyarazi yananiwe, uburyo bworoshye kandi bugaragara ni ugutegereza ko amashanyarazi asubirana amashanyarazi.
Ariko, niba amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi asa n'aho ari asanzwe ariko sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ikoresha imirasire y'izuba igakomeza gutanga raporo ku ibura ry'ingufu z'amashanyarazi, twagombye gukora iperereza ryinshi. Kugira ngo dutangire, koresha dosiye ya voltage ya AC ya metero nyinshi kugira ngo tumenye niba voltage isohoka ya AC ari isanzwe, dutangire n'aho inverter isohora. Niba byose ari ibisanzwe ku ruhande rw'inverter isohora, ikibazo gishobora kuba ku ruhande rw'inyuma rwa AC, kandi tugomba gusuzuma buri switch y'umutekano, nk'izikoresha umwuka, amarembo y'ibyuma, ibikingira by'amashanyarazi birenze urugero, n'ibindi, kugira ngo turebe ko bitamenetse cyangwa ngo bicike.
Binyuze muri uru rukurikirane rw'igenzura n'ibibazo, dushobora kumenya neza impamvu y'ibura ry'amashanyarazi no gufata ingamba zikwiye zo gusana kugira ngo uruganda rutanga ingufu z'izuba rukomeze gukora neza.
Amaherezo, gukoresha no kubungabunga inganda zikoresha imirasire y'izuba mu mpeshyi bitera ibibazo byinshi n'ingorane. Ariko, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru, inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi zishobora gukoreshwa neza kandi mu buryo buhoraho, ndetse no gucunga neza.
