Nekuchinja kwepasi rose muchimiro chesimba uye kuwedzera kweruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza, masisitimu emagetsi ezuva nezuva (PV) emabhizimisi nemaindasitiri awedzera kutariswa kubva kumabhizinesi nemasangano senzira huru yekushandisa simba rakachena. Zvisinei, maitiro ekuvaka uye mwero wekugamuchirwa kwemasisitimu aya haasati azivikanwa nevakawanda.
Maitiro Ekuvaka Masisitimu Emagetsi Emabhizinesi Nemaindasitiri
Maitiro ekuvaka masisitimu ePV emabhizinesi nemaindasitiri anogona kukamurwa zvakanyanya mumatanho anotevera: kugadzirira mapurojekiti, kuongorora nzvimbo nekugadzira, kutenga nekutakura michina, kuvaka nekuisa, kuisirwa kwemasisitimu nekubatanidza grid, uye kugadzirisa mushure mekuisirwa.
1. Kugadzirira Purojekiti
Munguva yekugadzirira chirongwa, mabhizinesi anofanirwa kutsanangura zvakajeka zvavanoda pamagetsi, mamiriro edenga remba, uye bhajeti rekudyara. Kukurukurirana kwekutanga nenyanzvi dzekubatanidza masisitimu ePV kwakakosha kuti tinzwisise misimboti yekutanga yemasisitimu ePV, purofiti inotarisirwa, uye rutsigiro rwemitemo. Chinokosha padanho rino ndechekuva nechokwadi chekunzwisisa kwakakosha kwemasisitimu ePV uye kuisa hwaro hwakasimba hwebasa rinotevera.
2. Kuongorora Nzvimbo uye Kugadzira
Kuongorora nzvimbo iyi chikamu chakakosha chekuvaka. Chikwata chehunyanzvi chehunyanzvi chichaita ongororo yakadzama yechimiro chedenga, kurongeka kwaro, mamiriro emumvuri, uye kuongorora kugona kwedenga kutakura mutoro. Zvichibva pane izvi, timu yekugadzira ichagadzira hurongwa hwekugadzira sisitimu yePV yakagadzirwa, kusanganisira kurongeka kwemamodule ePV, kusarudzwa kwema inverter, uye nzira dzekubatanidza matambo. Hurongwa hwekugadzira hwapera hunofanirwa kutaurwa zvakakwana nebhizinesi kuti rive nechokwadi chekuti hunosangana nezvinodiwa zvavo chaizvo.
3. Kutenga Midziyo uye Kutakurwa
Muchikamu chekutenga michina, mabhizinesi nevanobatanidza masisitimu vanofanirwa kusarudza pamwe chete mhando dzemidziyo mikuru yakadai sePV modules, inverters, uye tambo. Kutarisirwa kunofanirwa kupihwa kune mhando, mashandiro, uye mutengo wemidziyo, kusarudza vatengesi vane mukurumbira wakanaka uye sevhisi yekutengeswa mushure mekutengesa. Kana kutenga kwapera, kutakurwa kwakarongeka uye kuchengetwa zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwekuvaka kwakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti michina inoramba iri mumamiriro akanaka isati yaiswa.
4. Kuvaka uye Kuisa
Kuvaka nekuisa zvinhu zvakakosha pakuvaka sisitimu yePV. Pamberi pekuvaka, nzvimbo yacho inofanira kubviswa marara nenjodzi dzinogona kuitika. Zvichitevera hurongwa hwekugadzira, mamodule ePV anoiswa, ma inverter akabatanidzwa, uye tambo dzinoiswa. Mukati mekuvaka, mabhizinesi anofanira kusarudza vashandi kuti vatarisire uye vaone kuti mhando yacho inosangana nezvinodiwa. Vashandi vekuvaka vanofanira kunyatsotevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti kuvaka kwakachengeteka.
5. Kuisa Sisitimu uye Kubatanidza Grid
Mushure mekuiswa, sisitimu iyi inofanira kutanga kushanda. Panguva yekuiswa, mainjiniya vachaedza uye vogadzirisa simba rekubuda kwePV modules, kushanda zvakanaka kwevashanduri, uye mashandiro ese esisitimu. Kana kushanda kwakasimba kwaonekwa, mabhizinesi anofanirwa kunyorera kukambani yegrid yemuno kuti vabvumidzwe kubatana negrid. Kana yagamuchirwa zvakanaka, sisitimu yePV ichabatanidzwa zviri pamutemo negrid, ichitanga kupa magetsi uye ichibatsirwa nemari yenyika.
6. Kugadzirisa Mushure meKuisa
Kugadzirisa mushure mekuiswa kwakakoshawo. Mabhizinesi anofanira kuchenesa nekuchengetedza maPV modules nguva nenguva kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti anoshanda zvakanaka. Kuramba uchibatana nesystem integrator kugadzirisa chero zvikanganiso zvesystem kana matambudziko nekukurumidza kwakakosha. Mabasa ehunyanzvi ekugadzirisa anogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwePV system uye kuwedzera mabhenefiti ese esystem.
Mitemo yekugamuchirwa kwemasystem emagetsi emagetsi ebhizinesi nemaindasitiri
Kugamuchirwa kwemasystem ePV ekutengeserana nemaindasitiri idanho rakakosha rekuona kuti system yacho yakanaka uye inoshanda zvakanaka. Maitiro ekugamuchirwa anofanira kutevedzera mitemo yenyika neyemunharaunda, achiongorora zvakakwana zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvesystem. Heano mamwe emitemo mikuru yekugamuchirwa:
1. Kugamuchirwa kwePV Module
Mamodule ePV ndiwo zvinhu zvikuru zvePV system, zvichikanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwesystem. Panguva yekugamuchirwa, kuongororwa kwakadzama kwechitarisiko chemamodule, saizi, simba rinobuda, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekushandura zvinodiwa kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti hapana kukuvara kana kusvibiswa uye kuti zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvemagadzirirwo.
2. Kugamuchirwa kweInverter
MaInverter ndiwo midziyo mikuru inoshandura direct current (DC) kuita alternating current (AC) muPV system. Kugamuchirwa kunosanganisira kuona mamodheru emainverter, magadzirirwo, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekushandura. Pamusoro pezvo, mabasa ekudzivirira, kugona kutaurirana, uye kugadzikana kwemainverter zvinofanirwa kuyedzwa kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti mashandiro akajairika uye kuti system inoenderana.
3. Kugamuchirwa kweCable neWiring
Tambo netambo dzemagetsi zvakakosha pakufambisa magetsi muPV system. Kugamuchirwa kunoda kutarisa zvinodiwa, mamodheru, uye mhando yetambo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti dzinosangana nezvinodiwa zvemagadzirirwo uye dzine hunhu hwakanaka hwekuputira. Kubatana, kusungirirwa, uye kudzivirira mvura kwezviteshi zvemagetsi kunofanirawo kuongororwa kuti kwakavimbika here.
4. Kugamuchirwa Kwekushanda Kwesisitimu
Kugamuchirwa kwekushanda kwesystem kwakakosha kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti system inoshanda sei. Kuedza simba rekubuda kwesystem, kushanda kwayo zvakanaka, uye mashandiro ekubatanidza grid zvinodiwa. Nekuenzanisa madhizaini nemaitiro chaiwo, mashandiro esystem anogona kuongororwa zvichienderana nezvinangwa zvinotarisirwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kuongororwa kwakazara kwemabasa ekudzivirira, kugadzikana, uye kuchengetedzeka zvinodiwa kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti system inoshanda kwenguva refu.
5. Kugamuchirwa kweKuchengetedzwa neDziviriro
Kuchengetedzeka nekudzivirira zvinhu zvakakosha pakugamuchirwa kwePV system. Kuongororwa kwekudzivirira mheni, pasi, uye matanho ekudzivirira moto kwakakosha kuti system ive nechokwadi chekuti ine hurongwa hwakazara hwekudzivirira kubva pakukanganiswa kwekunze kwezvakatipoteredza. Pamusoro pezvo, kuongororwa kwema labels esystem, yambiro, uye nzira dzekugadzirisa nekukurumidzira zvinodiwa kuti vashandi vashande zvakanaka uye vagadzirise.
6. Kugamuchirwa Kwemagwaro uye Zvinhu
Magwaro nezvinhu zvinoumba hwaro hwekugamuchirwa kwehurongwa hwePV. Kusimbiswa kwemagwaro ekugadzira, madhirowa ekuvaka, runyorwa rwemidziyo, uye mabhuku ekushandisa kwakakosha kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvakakwana uye zvakarurama, zvichipa rutsigiro rwakasimba pabasa rekugadzirisa rinotevera. Kujekeswa kwenguva dzewarandi, masevhisi ekutevera kutengesa, uye rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi zvinodiwawo kuti mabhizinesi awane rutsigiro panguva yakakodzera uye inoshanda panguva yekushandiswa.
Matambudziko neMhinduro muKuvaka nekugamuchirwa kweMasisitimu ePhotovoltaic eMabhizinesi neMaindasitiri
Kunyangwe hurongwa hwekuvaka nekugamuchirwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira maPV emakambani nemaindasitiri hwasvika pakukura, mabhizinesi anogona kunge achiri kusangana nematambudziko akati wandei. Heano mamwe matambudziko akajairika uye mhinduro dzinoenderana nawo:
1. Zvipingamupinyi zveMamiriro eDenga
Zvimwe zvivako zvemabhizinesi nemaindasitiri zvinogona kunge zvisina mamiriro epamusoro pedenga, zvakaita sekutakura mutoro mudiki kana mumvuri wakakosha. Kuti zvigadziriswe matambudziko aya, mabhizinesi anogona kuita ongororo dzakakwana uye ongororo panguva yekugadzira, achisarudza maPV modules akakodzera uye nzira dzekuisa. Semuenzaniso, maPV modules akareruka, magadzirirwo emodules akagadziridzwa, uye ma tracking mounts zvinogona kuderedza zvipingamupinyi zvedenga.
2. Kuchengetedzwa kwekuvaka uye Kudzora Hunhu
Kuvakwa kwema PV system emabhizimisi nemaindasitiri kunosanganisira mabasa emagetsi akakwirira, zvichikonzera njodzi dzekuchengetedza. Kuve nechokwadi chekuti kuvaka kwakachengeteka uye kudzorwa kwemhando yezvivakwa kwakaomawo. Kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti kuchengetedzeka uye mhando yezvivakwa kwakachengeteka, mabhizinesi anofanira kusarudza mapoka ekuvaka ane ruzivo, achinyatsotevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza uye mitemo yekuvaka. Vatariri vanofanirwa kugadzwa panguva yekuvaka, uye kudzidziswa nekudzidziswa nguva dzose kunofanirwa kupihwa kuti vashandi vazive nezvekuchengetedza uye hunyanzvi hwekuvaka.
3. Maitiro Ekubatanidza Grid Yakaoma
Maitiro ekubatanidza grid kumabhizinesi nemaindasitiri ePV systems akaomarara, anoda kutaurirana kwakawanda uye kushandira pamwe nemakambani egrid emunharaunda. Kuti zvive nyore maitiro ekubatanidza grid, mabhizinesi anogona kuzivana nemaitiro egrid emunharaunda pachine nguva, vachigadzirira zvinhu zvinodiwa zvekushandisa uye magwaro. Kuramba uchitaurirana nemakambani egrid kunogona kubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko nekukurumidza panguva yekubatanidza grid.
4. Kusakwana Kwemabasa Ekugadzirisa Mushure meKuisa
Mushure mekuvakwa kwePV system, mamwe mabhizinesi anogona kusangana nematambudziko ekugadzirisa mushure mekuisa system. Kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti mashandiro avo agadzikana kwenguva refu, mabhizinesi anofanira kusarudza vanobatanidza system vane mukurumbira wakanaka uye masevhisi ekutengesa mushure mekutengesa, vachisaina zvibvumirano zvekugadzirisa kwenguva refu. Mabasa ekugadzirisa system anogona kuona nekugadzirisa zvikanganiso zve system nekukurumidza, kuwedzera hupenyu hwe system uye kuwedzera mabhenefiti ese e system.
Mhedziso
Kuvaka nekugamuchirwa kwemasystem ePV ekutengeserana nemaindasitiri inzira yakaoma uye inongwarira, inoda kushanda pamwe chete uye kubatanidzwa kubva kumabhizinesi, vanobatanidza masisitimu, uye makambani egrid. Nekutevera maitiro ekuvaka esainzi uye mitemo yakasimba yekugamuchirwa, mhando uye mashandiro emasystem ePV zvinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvinotarisirwa, zvichipa mabhenefiti ehupfumi nezvakatipoteredza kwenguva refu kumabhizinesi.
