Njengoba kushintshe umhlaba wonke esakhiweni samandla kanye nokwanda kokuqwashisa ngemvelo, izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic (PV) zezentengiselwano nezezimboni zidonsele ukunaka okwandayo emabhizinisini nasezikhungweni njengendlela eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwamandla ahlanzekile. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokwakha kanye nezindinganiso zokwamukelwa kwalezi zinhlelo azikajwayeleki kwabaningi.
Inqubo Yokwakha Izinhlelo Ze-Photovoltaic Zezentengiselwano Nezezimboni
Inqubo yokwakha izinhlelo ze-PV zezentengiselwano nezezimboni ingahlukaniswa kabanzi ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo: ukulungiswa kwephrojekthi, ukuhlolwa kwendawo nokuklama, ukuthengwa kwemishini kanye nokuthuthwa kwayo, ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kwayo, ukufakwa kwesistimu kanye nokuxhumeka kwegridi, kanye nokugcinwa kwayo ngemva kokufakwa.
1. Ukulungiselela Iphrojekthi
Ngesikhathi sokulungiselela iphrojekthi, amabhizinisi kudingeka achaze ngokucacile izidingo zawo zamandla, izimo zophahla, kanye nesabelomali sokutshalwa kwezimali. Ukubonisana kokuqala nabahlanganisi bezinhlelo ze-PV abangochwepheshe kubalulekile ukuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo zezinhlelo ze-PV, imbuyiselo elindelekile, kanye nokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo. Isihluthulelo kulesi sigaba ukuqinisekisa ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kwezinhlelo ze-PV nokubeka isisekelo esiqinile somsebenzi olandelayo.
2. Ukuhlola Nokuklama Indawo
Ucwaningo lwendawo luyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokwakha. Ithimba lobuchwepheshe elingochwepheshe lizokwenza ucwaningo oluningiliziwe lwesakhiwo sophahla, ukuma, izimo zomthunzi, futhi lihlole amandla okuthwala umthwalo wophahla. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ithimba lokuklama lizokwakha uhlelo lokuklama uhlelo lwe-PV oluhlelwe ngokwezifiso, okuhlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwamamojula e-PV, ukukhethwa kwama-inverter, kanye nemizila yezintambo. Uhlelo lokuklama oluqediwe kumele luxoxiswane kahle nebhizinisi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi luhlangabezana nezidingo zalo zangempela.
3. Ukuthengwa Kwemishini Nokuthutha
Esigabeni sokuthengwa kwemishini, amabhizinisi kanye nabahlanganisi bezinhlelo kumele banqume ngokubambisana izinhlobo namamodeli emishini ebalulekile njengamamojula e-PV, ama-inverter, kanye nezintambo. Kufanele kunakwe ikhwalithi, ukusebenza, kanye nentengo yemishini, kukhethwa abaphakeli abanedumela elihle kanye nensizakalo yangemva kokuthengisa. Uma ukuthenga sekuqediwe, ukuthuthwa okuhlelekile kanye nokugcinwa ngokwesheduli yokwakha kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini ihlala isesimweni esihle ngaphambi kokufakwa.
4. Ukwakhiwa Nokufakwa
Ukwakha nokufaka kuyizigaba ezibalulekile ekwakheni uhlelo lwe-PV. Ngaphambi kokwakha, indawo kumele isuswe imfucuza kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona. Ngokulandela uhlelo lokuklama, kufakwa amamojula e-PV, kuxhunywe ama-inverter, futhi kubekwe izintambo. Kuyo yonke inqubo yokwakha, amabhizinisi kufanele aqoke abasebenzi abazoqondisa futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ikhwalithi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezifanele. Izisebenzi zokwakha kumele zilandele ngokuqinile izinqubo zokuphepha ukuqinisekisa inqubo yokwakha ephephile.
5. Ukuqaliswa Kwesistimu Nokuxhumeka Kwegridi
Ngemva kokufakwa, uhlelo kumele luqale ukusebenza. Ngesikhathi sokuqalisa ukusebenza, ochwepheshe bazohlola futhi bathuthukise amandla okukhipha amamojula e-PV, ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwama-inverters, kanye nokusebenza kohlelo lonke. Uma ukusebenza okuzinzile sekuqinisekisiwe, amabhizinisi kudingeka afake isicelo enkampanini yegridi yendawo ukuze avunyelwe ukuxhumeka kwegridi. Uma sekwamukelwa ngempumelelo, uhlelo lwe-PV luzoxhunywa ngokusemthethweni kugridi, luqale ukuhlinzeka ngogesi futhi luzuze ezixhasweni zikazwelonke.
6. Ukulungiswa Ngemva Kokufakwa
Ukulungiswa ngemva kokufakwa kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Amabhizinisi kufanele ahlanze futhi alondoloze amamojula e-PV njalo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Ukugcina ukuxhumana okuseduze ne-integrator yesistimu ukuze kuxazululwe noma yimaphi amaphutha noma izinkinga zesistimu ngokushesha kubalulekile. Izinsizakalo zokulungisa zobungcweti zingandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwesistimu ye-PV futhi zithuthukise izinzuzo zesistimu iyonke.
Izindinganiso Zokwamukelwa Kwezinhlelo Ze-Photovoltaic Zezentengiselwano Nezimboni
Ukwamukelwa kwezinhlelo ze-PV zezentengiselwano nezezimboni kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza kohlelo. Inqubo yokwamukelwa kufanele ihambisane nezindinganiso zikazwelonke nezendawo, yenze ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezici ezahlukahlukene zohlelo. Nazi ezinye zezindinganiso eziyinhloko zokwamukelwa:
1. Ukwamukelwa kweModule ye-PV
Amamojula e-PV ayizingxenye eziyinhloko zesistimu ye-PV, athinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu. Ngesikhathi sokwamukelwa, ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kokubukeka kwamamojula, ubukhulu, ukukhishwa kwamandla, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho monakalo noma ukungcola nokuthi ahlangabezana nezimfuneko zomklamo.
2. Ukwamukelwa kwe-Inverter
Ama-inverter amadivayisi abalulekile aguqula ugesi oqondile (DC) ube ugesi oshintshanayo (AC) ohlelweni lwe-PV. Ukwamukelwa kuhilela ukuqinisekisa amamodeli, imininingwane, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwama-inverter. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi yokuvikela, amakhono okuxhumana, kanye nokuzinza kwama-inverter kumele kuhlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kanye nokuhambisana kohlelo.
3. Ukwamukelwa Kwekhebula Nokuxhuma Izintambo
Izintambo kanye nezintambo kubalulekile ekudlulisweni kwamandla ohlelweni lwe-PV. Ukwamukelwa kudinga ukuhlola imininingwane, amamodeli, kanye nekhwalithi yezintambo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyahlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo futhi zinezakhiwo ezinhle zokuvikela. Ukuxhumeka, ukubopha, kanye nokuvimbela amanzi kwama-terminals kumele kuhlolwe nokuthembeka.
4. Ukwamukelwa Kokusebenza Kwesistimu
Ukwamukelwa kokusebenza kwesistimu kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesistimu iyonke. Ukuhlola amandla okukhipha kwesistimu, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusebenza kokuxhumeka kwegridi kuyadingeka. Ngokuqhathanisa amanani okuklama namanani angempela, ukusebenza kwesistimu kungahlolwa ngokuqhathanisa nezinhloso ezilindelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudingeka ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwemisebenzi yokuvikela, ukuzinza, kanye nokuphepha ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside.
5. Ukwamukelwa Kokuphepha Nokuvikelwa
Ukuphepha nokuvikelwa yizici ezibalulekile zokwamukelwa kohlelo lwe-PV. Ukuhlolwa kwezinyathelo zokuvikela umbani, ukumisa phansi, kanye nokuvimbela umlilo kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lunohlaka oluphelele lokuvikela ukuphepha ekuphazamisekeni kwemvelo kwangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqinisekiswa kwamalebula ohlelo, izixwayiso, kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha eziphuthumayo kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokugcinwa kwabasebenzi.
6. Ukwamukelwa Kwemibhalo Nokusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile
Imibhalo nezinto zokwakha zakha isisekelo sokwamukelwa kohlelo lwe-PV. Ukuqinisekiswa kwemibhalo yokuklama, imidwebo yokwakha, uhlu lwemishini, kanye nezincwadi zokusebenza kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuphelela nokunemba, okunikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile komsebenzi wokulungisa olandelayo. Ukucaciswa kwezikhathi zewaranti, izinsizakalo zangemva kokuthengisa, kanye nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe nakho kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhizinisi athola ukwesekwa ngesikhathi esifanele nangokuphumelelayo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.
Izinselele Nezixazululo Ekwakhiweni Nasekwamukelweni Kwezinhlelo Ze-Photovoltaic Zezentengiselwano Nezezimboni
Naphezu kokuvuthwa okulinganiselwe kwezinqubo zokwakha nokwamukelwa kwezinhlelo ze-PV zezentengiselwano nezezimboni, amabhizinisi angase abhekane nezinselele eziningana. Nazi ezinye zezinselele ezivamile nezixazululo ezihambisanayo:
1. Izithiyo Zesimo Sophahla
Ezinye izakhiwo zezentengiselwano nezezimboni zingase zibe nezimo ezingezinhle kakhulu zophahla, njengomthamo olinganiselwe wokuthwala umthwalo noma umthunzi obalulekile. Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinkinga, amabhizinisi angenza ucwaningo olunzulu kanye nokuhlola ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuklama, ekhetha amamojula e-PV afanele kanye nezindlela zokufaka. Isibonelo, amamojula e-PV alula, ukwakheka kwamamojula alungiselelwe, kanye nezindawo zokulandelela kunganciphisa imingcele yophahla.
2. Ukuphepha Kokwakha Nokulawulwa Kwekhwalithi
Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo ze-PV zezentengiselwano nezezimboni kuhilela umsebenzi wokuphakama okuphezulu kanye nomsebenzi kagesi, okubeka izingozi zokuphepha. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokwakha kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi nakho kuyinselele. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nekhwalithi, amabhizinisi kufanele akhethe amaqembu okwakha angochwepheshe abanolwazi, alandela ngokuqinile imigomo yokuphepha kanye nezindinganiso zokwakha. Abaphathi kufanele baqokwe ngesikhathi sokwakha, futhi ukuqeqeshwa kanye nemfundo ejwayelekile kufanele kuhlinzekwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqwashisa kwabasebenzi ngokuphepha kanye namakhono okwakha.
3. Inqubo Yokuxhuma Igridi Eyinkimbinkimbi
Inqubo yokuxhuma igridi yezinhlelo ze-PV zezentengiselwano nezezimboni iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, idinga ukuxhumana okuningi kanye nokuxhumana nezinkampani zegridi zasendaweni. Ukuze kube lula inqubo yokuxhuma igridi, amabhizinisi angazijwayeza izinqubomgomo nezinqubo zegridi zasendaweni kusenesikhathi, alungiselele izinto zokufaka isicelo kanye nemibhalo edingekayo. Ukugcina ukuxhumana okuseduze nezinkampani zegridi kungasiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga nobunzima ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuxhuma igridi.
4. Izinsizakalo Zokulungisa Ezinganele Ngemva Kokufakwa
Ngemva kokwakhiwa kohlelo lwe-PV, amanye amabhizinisi angase abhekane nezinsizakalo zokulungisa ezinganele ngemuva kokufakwa. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside, amabhizinisi kufanele akhethe abahlanganisi bezinhlelo abanedumela elihle kanye nezinsizakalo zangemva kokuthengisa, basayine izinkontileka zokulungisa zesikhathi eside. Izinsizakalo zokulungisa zobungcweti zingabona futhi zilungise ngokushesha amaphutha nezinkinga zesistimu, zandise isikhathi sokuphila kohlelo futhi zithuthukise izinzuzo zesistimu iyonke.
Isiphetho
Ukwakhiwa nokwamukelwa kwezinhlelo ze-PV zezentengiselwano nezezimboni kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi necophelelayo, edinga imizamo yokubambisana kanye nokuxhumana okuvela emabhizinisini, kubahlanganisi bezinhlelo, kanye nezinkampani zegridi. Ngokulandela izinqubo zokwakha zesayensi kanye nezindinganiso zokwamukelwa eziqinile, ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kwezinhlelo ze-PV kungaqinisekiswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemigomo elindelekile, kuhlinzekwe izinzuzo zezomnotho nezendawo ezungezile zesikhathi eside kumabhizinisi.
