Inkqubo ye-PV yahlulwe yaba ziindlela ezintlanu:
1. Ukuzisebenzisa, amandla aseleyo kwigridi
2. Ukuzisebenzisa, amandla aseleyo aphuma kwigridi
3. Igridi epheleleyo
4. Igridi engekho kwigridi kunye negridi evuliweyo/engafakwanga kwigridi
5. Ukuzisebenzisa, amandla angaphezulu kwibhande
Ukuzisebenzisa, amandla aseleyo kwigridi
Le modeli yenkqubo ye-photovoltaic yeyona ixhaphakileyo, inkqubo yamandla e-photovoltaic esasazwe ngokubanzi esetyenziswa kakhulu kule modeli.
Umbane oveliswa yinkqubo ye-photovoltaic ungasetyenziswa kuqala ukuhlangabezana nomthwalo wawo, kwaye ongaphezulu ungathengiswa kwinkampani yegrid ukuze ungachithi; ukuba umbane we-photovoltaic oveliswayo awonelanga, igrid iya kuwubonelela. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yokufikelela kufuneka ixoxisane nenkampani yegrid ngezivumelwano ezifanelekileyo zokuthengisa umbane, kuthathelwa ingqalelo umdla wamacala omabini. Iimitha ezikrelekrele ezimbini zibekwa ziinkampani zegrid ukulinganisa amandla okuvelisa izityalo ze-photovoltaic kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwabathengi, kunye nokuhlawula okanye ukuqokelela iindleko zombane ngokwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye neerhafu ezixoxiswanayo.
Eyona ngxaki inkulu yale modeli kukuba imodeli yayo yengeniso ayinakulungiswa, umlinganiselo wamandla okusebenzisa kunye namandla aseleyo kwigridi uhlala utshintsha, kwaye ixabiso eliqikelelweyo lesityalo xa sixhaswa kwaye sithengiswa linokuba liphantsi kancinci kunemveliso yokwenyani, kwanabaphathi abanakufumana ixabiso elifanelekileyo leasethi kuba baxhalabile malunga nokusebenza kwexesha elizayo kwabasebenzisi.
Ukuzisebenzisa, amandla aseleyo aphuma kwigridi
Uphawu oluphawulekayo lwendlela yokuzisebenzisa eqhagamshelwe yigridi “Iqhagamshelwe yigridi ngaphandle kwe-intanethi”. Indawo yokufikelela yolu hlobo ikwisiphelo esisezantsi semitha yenkampani yegridi kwaye licala labucala lendawo yokumisa ipropathi epheleleyo. Ngokwethiyori, inkampani yegridi ayizukuphazamisa ukufikelela kwenkqubo, kodwa le modeli ifuna ukuba amandla e-photovoltaic angathunyelwa kwigridi, ngoko ke kufuneka kubekho isixhobo esichasene nombane. Xa amandla aveliswa sisityalo se-photovoltaic edlula umthwalo waso, isixhobo sokukhusela umbane ochasene nombane kufuneka sibuyisele isignali kwi-inverter, eya kunciphisa amandla ngokomthwalo, ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zomthwalo kwaye ingadlulisi umbane kwigridi, ukuze kufezekiswe umsebenzi wenkqubo ye-photovoltaic ukuthintela umbane ochasene nombane.
Le modeli yenkqubo ye-photovoltaic isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimeko yokusetyenziswa kwamandla amaninzi kwicala lomsebenzisi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuqhubekayo, ukuvalwa okuncinci okanye ukuvalwa kancinci okanye ukuvalwa kancinci enyakeni, okanye nangexesha leeholide, umthwalo wokugcinwa kwamandla womsebenzisi nawo mkhulu ngokwaneleyo ukufunxa uninzi lombane owenziwe yinkqubo ye-PV. Kangangoko kunokwenzeka, umbane oveliswa yinkqubo ye-PV uya kusetyenziswa ngaphandle kokubangela inkunkuma.
Igridi epheleleyo
Kule ndlela iqhagamshelwe kwigridi, i-AC output yenkqubo ye-PV iqhagamshelwe ngqo kwicala le-low-voltage okanye icala le-high-voltage yegridi, oko kukuthi, icala legridi yomda wepropathi. Ngale ndlela, umbane oveliswa yinkqubo uthengiswa ngqo kwinkampani yegridi, kwaye ixabiso lokuthengisa lidla ngokuba lixabiso eliphakathi lendawo, ngelixa ixabiso lombane lomsebenzisi lihlala lingatshintshi, oku kubizwa ngokuba “yimigca emibini yengeniso kunye nenkcitho, nganye ibala iakhawunti yayo”.
Ukuthengiswa ngqo kwegridi ukuya kwigridi nako kuxhaphakile kwizicelo ze-PV; abatyali-mali bayayithanda le modeli kuba ilula kwaye ithembekile.
Igridi engekho kwigridi kunye negridi evuliweyo/engekho kwigridi
Le modeli ingaphandle kwegridi, eyaziwa ngokuba zizitishi zamandla ze-photovoltaic ezizimeleyo (PV), yinkqubo esebenza ngokuzimeleyo kwigridi kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kuba ayithintelwanga ngokwendawo, lo gama nje kukho ukukhanya kwelanga okunokufakelwa nokusetyenziswa, ifanelekile kakhulu kwiindawo ezikude ezingenagridi yamandla, iziqithi ezizimeleyo, iinqanawa zokuloba, iziseko zokuzalela zangaphandle, njl.njl. Ingasetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokuvelisa umbane ezingxamisekileyo kwiindawo apho umbane ucinywa rhoqo.
Kodwa olu hlobo lwenkqubo yokuvelisa umbane kufuneka luxhotyiswe ngeebhetri, kwaye lubambe iindleko eziphezulu zenkqubo yokuvelisa umbane. Kwaye ubomi bebhetri, isidingo sokugcina utshintsho, sinyuse iindleko zokusetyenziswa. Ngoko ke, kunzima ukuyisebenzisa kakhulu, ngoko ke musa ukucebisa ukusetyenziswa kombane kwindawo efanelekileyo.
Ikwaluncedo kakhulu kumakhaya akwiindawo apho kungekho gridi yombane okanye apho umbane ucinywa rhoqo. Ngokukodwa, isetyenziselwa ukusombulula iingxaki zokukhanyisa kuphela ngexesha lokucima kombane. Ke ngoko, iinkqubo zokuvelisa umbane ngaphandle kwegridi zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwegridi okanye kwiindawo apho umbane ucinywa rhoqo.
Izibane zesitalato ze-Photovoltaic, izibane zengca kunye nezinye iimveliso ze-photovoltaic, nazo ziyinkqubo ye-photovoltaic engekho kwigridi.
Ukuzisebenzisa, amandla angaphezulu kwibhande
Iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwale ndlela idibeneyo/ngaphandle kwegridi kukucima kombane rhoqo, okanye ixabiso lokuzisebenzisa libiza kakhulu kunexabiso elikwigridi, kwaye ixabiso eliphezulu libiza kakhulu kunexabiso elikwigridi.
Oku kukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic ukulayisha, kungenziwa ngokwexabiso eliphezulu, kuncitshiswe iindleko zombane; okwesibini, kungenziwa ngokutshaja kwintlambo, kukhutshwe i-peak discharge, kusetyenziswe umahluko wexabiso phakathi kwe-peak kunye nentlambo ukwenza imali; okwesithathu, xa igridi ingumbane oqhelekileyo, inkqubo isebenza njengenkqubo eqhelekileyo eqhagamshelwe kwigridi, apho amandla e-photovoltaic anikwa umthwalo kuqala, kwaye amandla agqithisileyo agcinwa kwiibhetri okanye athengiswe kwigridi, i-inverter ingatshintshelwa kwimowudi ye-off-grid, inkqubo iyaqhubeka nokusebenza njengombane oxhasayo, i-photovoltaic kunye namandla ebhetri kumthwalo obalulekileyo nge-inverter, akukho nkunkuma.
Imo ye-On/off-grid kunye nemo ye-off-grid ziimfuno ezifanayo zeebhetri, ixabiso lokuqala lotyalo-mali likhulu kakhulu.
Le ndlela yokufikelela kufuneka ixoxisane nenkampani yegridi yombane ngesivumelwano sokuthengisa umbane esifanelekileyo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izinto ezifunwa macala omabini.
Ngokubanzi, uninzi luya kusebenzisa imo eqhagamshelwe kwigridi; ukuba yeyiphi ekufuneka ikhethwe, ngokweemfuno ezithile zeprojekthi.
