Isishwankathelo seengcinga eziphambili ezingasemva kwemithombo yamandla e-photovoltaic
Ukuhlela ngokwenkqubo ngokwamaqela
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeenkqubo ze-photovoltaic: ezo zisebenza ngaphandle kokudityaniswa negridi kunye nezo zisebenza ngaphandle kokudityaniswa negridi.
1. Inkqubo ye-PV ezimeleyo ikwaziwa njengokhetho olungekho kwigridi. Imodyuli yeseli yelanga, i-motor, kunye ne-accumulator zenza iindawo eziphambili zenkqubo. Kufuneka usete i-AC converter ukuze ukwazi ukunika amandla umthwalo osebenzisa umbane otshintshayo (AC). Izityalo ze-photovoltaic ezizimeleyo ziquka uluhlu lweenkqubo zamandla ezizimeleyo, ezifana neenkqubo zamandla elanga ekhaya, iinkqubo zamandla ezilalini zasemaphandleni, kunye neenkqubo zamandla e-photovoltaic ezineebhetri zokugcina. Ezi nkqubo zinokusebenza zodwa kwaye zisetyenziselwa izinto ezininzi, njengokunika amandla imiqondiso yoqhagamshelwano, ukukhusela kwii-cathodes, kunye nokukhanyisa izitalato ngamandla elanga.
2. Ukhetho lwamandla akwigridi lutshintsha amandla ombane ngqo enziwa ziiphaneli zelanga abe ngamandla atshintshanayo asebenza negridi yamandla yesixeko. Oku kuyenza idibane ngqo negridi kawonke-wonke. Ezi zinokubizwa ngokuba ziiyunithi "eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi", kwaye zisenokuba neebhetri okanye zingabi nazo. Inkqubo yamandla eqhagamshelwe kwigridi kwaye inee-accumulators inokuhlelwa ngokulula ukuba idibane okanye iqhagamshelwe kwigridi njengoko kufuneka. Iinkqubo ze-PV eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi zamakhaya zihlala zinee-accumulators. Iinkqubo ezinkulu, kwelinye icala, zihlala zineenkqubo ze-PV eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi ngaphandle kwee-accumulators, ezingenakuhlelwa kwaye azinawo amandla okuxhasa. Izityalo zamandla ezinkulu ze-photovoltaic eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi yamandla kazwelonke zisetyenziselwa ukudala amandla elanga aqhagamshelwe kwigridi. Amandla avela kwezi zityalo aya ngqo emakhaya nakwiishishini ngegridi. Ukufaka imali kolu hlobo lwesityalo samandla, kwelinye icala, kubiza kakhulu, kuthatha ixesha elide ukwakhiwa, kuthatha indawo eninzi, kwaye akukabikho nkqubela ingako kutshanje. Uninzi lwe-PV eqhagamshelwe kwigridi yi-PV encinci eqhagamshelwe kwigridi, njengeephaneli zelanga ezakhelwe kwizakhiwo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ayifuni mali ingako ukwakha, ingenziwa ngokukhawuleza, ayishiyi mpembelelo ingako, kwaye inenkxaso enamandla kwezopolitiko.
Iindawo zehardware
Inkqubo yamandla e-photovoltaic iquka i-solar array, ibhetri yokugcina, i-charge and discharge controller, i-inverter, ibhokisi yokusasazwa kwe-AC, inkqubo yolawulo lokulandelela ilanga, kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo.
Ezinye izixhobo zisebenza ngolu hlobo:
Isixhobo samandla elanga
Ukukhanya, okufana noko kuvela elangeni okanye kwezinye izikhanyiso, kwenza iseli ithathe amandla ize yenze itshaja engaqhelekanga kuzo zombini iziphelo. Igama lale nto "yi-voltage eveliswa yifoto." Abantu abaninzi babiza le mpembelelo ngokuba yi-photoelectric effect. Ukuze ukukhanya kube ngumbane, kufuneka kubekho amandla e-electromotive phakathi kweziphelo ezimbini zeseli yelanga. Igama lale nto yi-solar effect. Kulula ukutshintsha amandla abe yinto enye ngoncedo lweeseli zelanga. Iiseli zelanga zenziwe ngeentlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ze-silicon: iiseli zelanga ze-silicon ezingabonakaliyo, iiseli zelanga ze-silicon ze-poly-crystalline, kunye neeseli zelanga ze-silicon ze-mono-crystalline.
Ibhetri egcina umbane
Xa i-solar cell array ivuliwe, imodeli yombane inokugcina amandla eyenzayo ize iwathumele kumthwalo nangaliphi na ixesha lemini. Ukuze ii-solar cells zenze amandla, kufuneka zibe nexabiso eliphantsi, zihlale ixesha elide, zikhuphe amanzi amaninzi kakuhle, zitshaje ngokukhawuleza, kwaye azidingi ukugcinwa okuninzi okanye zingadingi kulungiswa. Kufuneka zikwazi nokusebenza kumanqanaba obushushu ahlukeneyo.
Ulawulo lokutshaja nokukhupha
Ngaphandle koncedo oluvela kuwe, esi sixhobo sinokugcina iibhetri zingatshaji okanye zingakhuphi ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ibhetri ikhutshwa kangaphi kwaye ingakanani na inzulu kangakanani, kuqinisekisa ukuba iza kuhlala ixesha elide kangakanani. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nesixhobo sokutshaja kunye nesixhobo sokukhupha esinokugcina ibhetri ingabi namandla amaninzi okanye amancinci kakhulu.
I-AC ichasene ne-DC, kwaye ijenereyitha itshintsha i-DC ibe yi-AC
Into eguqula umbane ngqo ube ngumbane otshintshanayo. Umthwalo yi-AC, kodwa iiseli zelanga kunye neebhetri ziyi-DC, ngoko ke kufuneka kubekho iswitshi. Ngokusekelwe kwindlela ezisebenza ngayo, i-inverter ingahlulwahlulwa ibe ngamaqela amabini: i-inverter yelanga esebenza yodwa kunye nenye eqhagamshelwe kwigridi yamandla. Ukuba usebenzisa iiseli zelanga kuphela ukwenza umbane, unganika amandla umthwalo owahlukileyo ngejenereyitha ezimeleyo. I-transformer yelanga eqhagamshelwe kwigridi yamandla yiyo eyenza inkqubo yamandla elanga isebenze negridi. Ii-inverters ziza ngeentlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: ii-inverters ze-sine wave kunye nee-inverters ze-square wave. Kulula kwaye kubiza kancinci ukwenza isekethe ye-square-wave converter, kodwa ine-harmonic component enkulu. Iimfuno ze-harmonic zamakhulu ambalwa ee-watts okanye ngaphantsi zezona zinto idla ngokusetyenziselwa zona. Ii-Sine wave inverters zibiza kakhulu, kodwa zinokunika amandla imisebenzi emininzi eyahlukeneyo.
Isixhobo esilawula ukulandelwa kwelanga
I-engile yokukhanya kweLanga iyatshintsha unyaka wonke njengoko ilanga liphuma kwaye litshona entwasahlobo, ehlotyeni, ekwindla, nasebusika. Oku kungenxa yokuba iinkqubo zikwindawo emiselweyo. Ukuze zisebenze kakuhle, iiseli zelanga kufuneka zihlale zijonge elangeni. Okwangoku, isixhobo sokulandelela iLanga kufuneka sisebenzise i-longitude kunye ne-latitude yaso ukufumanisa ukuba iLanga likweyiphi i-engile ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka. njl., i-PLC, i-microcontroller, okanye isoftware yekhompyutha iya kugcina indawo yeLanga ngamaxesha onke onyaka. Oku kwenziwa ngokubala indawo yeLanga ukuze kufezekiswe ukulandelela. Ithiyori yedatha yekhompyutha iyasetyenziswa, kwaye ifuna idatha ye-longitude kunye ne-latitude yomhlaba kunye nezicwangciso. Nje ukuba imiselwe, akulula ukuyisusa okanye ukuyisusa; idatha kunye neeparameter kufuneka zisetwe kwakhona ngalo lonke ixesha. Imigaqo, iisekethe, itekhnoloji, kunye nezixhobo ziyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye abantu abangengoochwephesha abanakuzitshintsha ngokulula. Ii-trackers zelanga ezikrelekrele zinokufakwa kwiimoto ezikhawulezayo kunye noololiwe, kunye neenqanawa, iinqanawa zaselwandle, izithuthi zongxamiseko zonxibelelwano, kunye nezithuthi zemfazwe ezikhethekileyo. I-smart sun tracker inokuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ihlala ikwindlela echanekileyo neLanga nokuba liya phi okanye lijika njani.
Oko unokukwenza ngamandla elanga
Isiphumo se-photovoltaic sokusebenzisana kwe-semiconductor yiloo nto i-photovoltaic (PV) power generation ithetha ngayo. Iguqula ukukhanya kube ngumbane. Iseli yelanga yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Iimodyuli zelanga ezinkulu zinokwenziwa ngokubeka iiseli zelanga ngokulandelelana nokuzikhusela. Ezi modyuli zinokudityaniswa kunye nabalawuli bamandla kunye nezinye iindawo ukwenza isixhobo sokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic. I-PV ingcono kuba ingasetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi kuba ilanga likhanya kuyo yonke indawo. Ezinye izibonelelo zenkqubo ye-PV kukuba ikhuselekile kwaye ithembekile, ayenzi ngxolo okanye ingcolise, ayisebenzisi mafutha, kwaye iintambo zekhebula zingafakwa kwindawo, nto leyo ekhawulezisa inkqubo yokwakha. Amandla e-Photovoltaic asebenzisa iiseli zelanga ukuguqula ngokuthe ngqo ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngumbane, ngokusekelwe kwingcamango yesiphumo se-photovoltaic. Inkqubo yamandla e-photovoltaic ikakhulu yenziwe ngeephaneli zelanga (ezibizwa ngokuba ziimodyuli), abalawuli, kunye nee-inverters. Ingasetyenziswa yodwa okanye idityaniswe negridi yamandla. Ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwezi zixhobo zombane kwaye azizozoomatshini, izixhobo ze-PV zenziwe kakuhle kakhulu, zithembekile, zihlala ixesha elide, kwaye kulula ukuzibeka nokuzigcina zisebenza. Itekhnoloji ye-photovoltaic ingasetyenziselwa nantoni na, ukusuka ekunikezeni amandla kwiinqanawa zasemoyeni ukuya emakhaya, ukusuka kwimidlalo ukuya kwizikhululo zamandla ezisebenzisa i-megawatt, nokunye.
Iiseli zelanga, eziza kwiiwafers ezifana ne-mono-crystalline silicon, i-poly-crystalline silicon, i-amorphous silicon, kunye neeseli zefilimu ezincinci, zezona ndawo ziphambili ze-solar photovoltaic. Okwangoku, iibhetri zekristale enye kunye ne-poly-crystal zezona bhetri zidumileyo ze-amorphous kwiinkqubo ezincinci kunye namandla okugcina amandla ekhompyuter.
