Imarike ye-PV yaseJapan

Imarike ye-PV yaseJapan: Iyanda Phakathi Kweengxaki
IJapan ibisoloko ibona ukukhula okukhulu kuphuhliso lwamandla elanga, apho iiprojekthi ze-photovoltaic (PV) ezingaphezulu kwe-6.7 GW zamkelwe phakathi kukaJulayi 2022 noJanuwari 2023, ngokutsho koMphathiswa wezoQoqosho, uRhwebo kunye noShishino (METI). Ngaphezulu kwama-47 ekhulwini ezi projekthi zidlula i-1 megawatt (MW), nto leyo efumana igama lasekuhlaleni elithi "Mega Solar." Njengoko iJapan iqhubeka nezi zixhobo zinkulu zelanga, kuphakama imibuzo malunga nokuba inganyuka na ibe yimarike yesibini ngobukhulu ye-PV kwihlabathi. Nangona kukho ithemba, kusekho imingeni eliqela, ingakumbi malunga nomthamo wegridi kunye nozinzo.

Iingxaki zeGrid kunye nokungafani kweNgingqi
Njengoko iJapan izisa ezinye iiprojekthi zeMega Solar kwi-intanethi, amandla egridi abe yingxaki enkulu. I-Hokkaido Power Electric Company, enye yeenkampani eziphantsi kwabatyali-mali baseJapan, ibike ukuba amandla ayo okudlulisela amandla aphezulu kakhulu kwiinkqubo ze-PV ezingaphezu kwe-2 MW okwangoku afikelele kwi-400 MW. Ngomhla wama-31 kuMatshi, le nkampani yayisele ifumene izicelo eziphindwe kane ngolu hlobo lomthamo. Ngenxa yoko, iikota ezintathu zeeprojekthi ezisetyenzisiweyo azikwazi ukufikelela kwigridi okanye kufuneka zinciphise ubungakanani bazo. I-Hokkaido yazise abafaki-zicelo beprojekthi enkulu malunga nokunqongophala kwamandla egridi. I-METI ibongoze abaphuhlisi beprojekthi ukuba bacinge ngemimandla exineneyo kakhulu ukuze kuphuhliswe amandla amatsha elanga.

Ummandla waseHokkaido, onomhlaba ofumanekayo nongabizi kakhulu, umalunga nama-25 ekhulwini eeprojekthi ezinkulu ze-PV ezivunyiweyo phantsi kwesicwangciso selizwe se-Feed-in Tariff (FIT), nangona umbane ukhonza ngaphantsi kwe-3 ekhulwini yemfuno yombane wesizwe. Oku kungalingani kwengingqi kugxininisa imfuneko yokusasazwa ngakumbi kweeprojekthi zelanga ukuze kuphuculwe ukusetyenziswa kwegridi kunye nokugcina uzinzo.

Uhlengahlengiso lwe-FIT kunye notshintsho lweMithetho
I-FIT yesizwe iyalela umbane ukuba unike ukufikelela kwigridi kwaye uthenge wonke umbane oveliswa kwiinkqubo ezivuselelekayo, ngaphandle kwezinye izinto. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kwigridi, i-METI ibhengeze izicwangciso zongxamiseko ngo-Epreli 17, ivumela umbane ukuba ube nethuba elingakumbi lokuthintela okanye ukwalela ukufikelela kwigridi. Imithetho yokuqala ye-FIT yayiquka umthetho wembuyekezo yeentsuku ezingama-30, apho umbane kwakufuneka uhlawulele abaphuhlisi abavuselelekayo ukuba bacelwe ukuba banciphise imveliso yombane ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-30 ngonyaka. I-METI ngoku icinga ngokususa le mfuneko yembuyekezo, kwaye isigqibo sokugqibela kulindeleke phakathi kuMeyi.

Iiprojekthi Ezinkulu kunye namathemba exesha elizayo
Enye yeeprojekthi ezinkulu ze-PV eJapan yiprojekthi ye-400-MW (AC) kwisiqithi sase-Ukujima kwiNagasaki Prefecture, eyaphuhliswa yinkampani yaseJamani i-Photovolt Development Partners GmbH. Ivunywe yi-METI ngoMatshi ngaphambi kokuba izinga le-FIT lincitshiswe ukusuka kwi-¥40/kWh ukuya kwi-¥36/kWh, le projekthi iya kuqaliswa ngezigaba ezahlukeneyo. Umbane oveliswayo uza kudluliselwa kwilizwekazi laseKyushu ngentambo yamandla aphantsi kolwandle enamandla aphezulu, ukujongana nokungalingani kwemfuno yengingqi. I-Kyushu Electric Power Company, evumile iiprojekthi zeMega Solar ezingaphezu kwama-800 MW, imele i-25 pesenti yenani lilonke lelizwe. Nangona kukho iingxaki malunga nomthamo wegridi, inkampani ayikabhengezi naziphi na izithintelo zokufikelela.

Utshintsho lwaMandla emva kweFukushima
Emva kweNhlekelele yeTsunami-Nuclear kaMatshi 2011 eFukushima, iJapan ibisoloko izama ukutshintsha amandla enyukliya ngegesi yendalo kunye neminye imithombo yamandla. I-FIT ibalulekile ekuhlukaniseni umxube wamandla waseJapan. Nangona kunjalo, ukufezekisa oku kufuna kungekuphela nje amandla egridi aneleyo kodwa kunye nokunciphisa ulawulo lokufikelela kwigridi kwiijenereyitha ezintsha zombane. Umphuhlisi wasekuhlaleni waphawula, "Oza kuqala, khonza kuqala. Ukuba wenza ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo, ungaba yimpumelelo," ebonisa imeko yokukhuphisana kwemarike. Omnye wathelekisa imeko nemingeni yomgaqo-nkqubo wamandla avuselelekayo waseSpain, ebonisa imingcipheko enokubakho kwindlela yaseJapan.

Inkqubo ye-FIT yaseJapan, eyenziwe ngokwendlela yaseJamani, ijolise ekusekeni imakethi ye-PV ezinzileyo. Njengoko urhulumente eqhubeka nokusabela nokuyila imithetho emitsha ukuphendula imingeni evelayo, kukho umngcipheko wokuphinda umjikelo wokuchuma nokukhula obonwe eSpain, apho ukukhula okuzinzileyo kungakhange kufezekiswe khona. Uhlengahlengiso oluqhubekayo kunye namanyathelo okukhawulezisa kuya kuba yinto ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni impumelelo yexesha elide kunye nokuzinza kwemakethi ye-PV yaseJapan.