Indlela eyaziwa ngokuba kukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic iguqula amandla okukhanya abe ngumbane ngokuthe ngqo ngokusebenzisa isiphumo se-photovoltaic kwi-interface ye-semiconductor. Iphaneli yeseli yelanga (imodyuli), isilawuli, kunye ne-inverter zezona zinto ziphambili zayo ezintathu. Izinto ze-elektroniki zenza uninzi lwamacandelo ayo aphambili. Imodyuli yeseli yelanga enkulu yenziwa ngokuqhagamshela iiseli zelanga ngochungechunge, ukuzigubungela ukuze zikhuseleke, kunye nokongeza abalawuli bamandla kunye nezinye iindawo ukwenza isixhobo sokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic.
1. Iyintoni inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga?
Ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic yinkqubo yokuguqula amandla elanga abe ngumbane wombane ngokuthe ngqo.
Amandla e-photovoltaic okwangoku yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokwenza umbane welanga. Ngenxa yoko, amandla elanga ngoku abizwa ngokuba yi-photovoltaic energy generating.
2. Iiseli zelanga zivelisa njani umbane?
Iseli ye-photovoltaic lolona hlobo lusisiseko lweyunithi yokuvelisa umbane ye-photovoltaic, njengoko sisixhobo se-semiconductor esiguqula ukukhanya kunye nombane ngqo kwi-energy yemitha yelanga ibe yi-direct current.
Ukuxuba i-silicon ekristale ngezinto ezithile (ezifana ne-phosphorus, i-boron, njalo njalo) kubangela ukungalingani okuqhubekayo kwi-molecule charge yento, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izinto ze-semiconductor zibe neempawu zombane ezikhethekileyo ezinoxanduva lweempawu zombane ezicacileyo zeeseli ze-photovoltaic.
Xa zibekwe elangeni, ii-semiconductors ezineempawu zombane ezikhethekileyo zinokuvelisa ii-free charges. Xa iziphelo zivaliwe, ii-free charges ziyaqokelelana kwaye zihambe kwicala elithile, zivelise amandla ombane.
3. Zeziphi iingenelo ezibonelelwa kukuvelisa amandla nge-photovoltaic?
1). Ububanzi
Umphezulu womhlaba ukhanyiswa lilanga, kwaye oku kungasetyenziswa kwaye kusetyenziswe kungakhathaliseki indawo okuyo—umhlaba, ulwandle, iintaba, okanye umhlaba othe tyaba. Nangona ixesha lokukhanya kunye nobukhulu balo mhlaba zahlukile, zisasazeke kakhulu kwaye aziyi kuchaphazeleka yimozulu okanye indawo okuyo.
2). Uzinzo kunye nokungapheleli
Ilanga livelisa amandla enyukliya aneleyo ngeli nqanaba lokunika amandla okugcina ihydrogen exabisa amashumi ezigidi zeebhiliyoni zeminyaka. Ngenxa yokonakala okukhulu kwendalo okukhoyo namhlanje, amandla elanga ngumthombo wamandla ococekileyo nohlaziyekayo onomjelo ongapheliyo.
3). Iindawo zokufakela ezihlengahlengiswayo
Uphahla oluvulekileyo lubonelela ngenzuzo yokungachaphazeleki yindlela esakhiwe ngayo isakhiwo, nto leyo evumela ukukhanya ukuba kungene ngaphakathi ixesha elide kwaye kuncitshiswe ukuphazamiseka kwesithunzi. Ukongeza ekubekweni kophahla lwezakhiwo zokuhlala, ukuveliswa kombane we-photovoltaic kunokufumaneka nakwizakhiwo zoshishino, apho umbane welanga usetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zombane zesakhiwo. Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-photovoltaic esasazwa eluphahleni lunokujongana ngempumelelo nomba wokusetyenziswa kombane kwisithili sonke kwimeko yokuvuselelwa kwamaphandle.
4). I-Verdant
Ngokwemvelo, imithamo ephezulu yeTV kunye nezikrini ezikhanyayo zisebenzisa umbane omninzi. Ukunciphisa ukukhanya kunye nomthamo akugcini nje ngokukhusela amehlo kunye neendlebe, kodwa kukwagcina umbane.
5). Ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwamandla lwelizwe
Abantu banokuphucula ukhuseleko lwamandla esizwe ngokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwabo ekuveliseni amandla e-fossil, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwe iingxaki zamandla kunye nokungazinzi kwemarike yamafutha. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic.
6). Iindleko ezincinci zokulungisa nokusebenza
Ukusebenza kokuveliswa kombane we-photovoltaic kuqinile kwaye kuthembekile, kwaye akunazo iindawo zokuhambisa umbane ngoomatshini. Xa zidityaniswe nokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwetekhnoloji yokulawula ezenzekelayo, iseti yeenkqubo zokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic inokuvelisa umbane lo gama nje kukho imodyuli yeseli yelanga. Oku kuphumela kwiindleko zokulungisa ezingabizi kakhulu ezinokufunyanwa ngaphandle kokulawulwa.
4. Ziziphi iintlobo zeeprojekthi zokuvelisa umbane welanga ezikhoyo?
Iiprojekthi ze-PV zinokuhlulwahlulwa njenge "ezisasazwayo" okanye "eziphakathi" ngokusekelwe kuyilo lwazo.
Isasazwe: Izityalo zamandla ze-photovoltaic zobukhulu obuthile ezibekwe kwindawo yomsebenzisi okanye ezidityaniswe negridi yombane zibizwa ngokuba zizityalo zamandla ze-photovoltaic ezisasazwe. Olu hlobo lwesityalo samandla lunokunika umbane ngokuthe ngqo kubantu abakufutshane kwaye luhlala luxhonywe emhlabeni, eludongeni, okanye eluphahleni.
I-Centralized: isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezibanzi ezifana neentaba neentlango. Ngokusebenzisa iiphaneli ezininzi ze-photovoltaic okanye iinkqubo zokulandelela ilanga, olu hlobo lwesityalo samandla luqokelela amandla elanga kwaye luwaguqule abe ngumbane othunyelwa kubathengi abahlala kude nendawo yokwenziwa kombane.
Izityalo zamandla ze-photovoltaic ezidityaniswe nezakhiwo: Ezi zenziwe ngokudibanisa iteknoloji yokuvelisa amandla elanga kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo, okwenza inkqubo yelanga ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesakhiwo. Olu hlobo lwesityalo samandla lunokufakelwa kwibalcony yesakhiwo, eludongeni lwekhethini, eluphahleni, okanye kwezinye iindawo.
Izityalo zamandla ze-PV nazo zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela alandelayo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zobuchwepheshe kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa:
Isikhululo samandla se-PV esisetyenziswa ekhaya: sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizakhiwo zokuhlala, sisixhobo esincinci sokuvelisa umbane we-PV esasasazwayo. Ukuze bahlangabezane neemfuno zabo zombane, abanini bezindlu banokufaka iiphaneli zelanga eluphahleni lwabo baze bavelise amandla ahlaziyekayo.
Izitishi zamandla ze-PV zorhwebo: ziphakathi kwezitishi zamandla ze-PV ezikwindawo enye kunye nezokuhlala ngokwezinga, kwaye zifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zorhwebo, kwiipaki zoshishino, nakwezinye iindawo.
Izityalo zamandla ze-photovoltaic zasemaphandleni: zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, apho zibonelela abalimi ngamandla acocekileyo kwaye zijongana nomba wokunqongophala kwamandla.
Izityalo zamandla ze-photovoltaic zasemaphandleni: zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, apho zibonelela abalimi ngamandla acocekileyo kwaye zijongana nomba wokunqongophala kwamandla.
Isikhululo samandla se-PV sezakhiwo zikawonke-wonke: sichaza ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokuvelisa amandla elanga kwiindawo apho uluntu lukhoyo, njengezikhululo zeebhasi, izikolo, kunye nezibhedlele.
Isikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic esidadayo: Olu hlobo lwenkqubo yokuvelisa umbane lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi, amachibi, nakwezinye iindawo zamanzi apho kufakwa khona iiphaneli ze-photovoltaic kumphezulu wamanzi.
5. Yintoni eyenza amandla e-photovoltaic abe ngumthombo wamandla aphantsi kwekhabhoni kwaye aluhlaza?
Ngokweziphumo zophando ezivela kwiWorld Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), ukufaka inkqubo yokuvelisa umbane we-1 kW photovoltaic kunokuvelisa umbane we-1200 kWh ngonyaka, kunciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle (amalahle aqhelekileyo) malunga ne-400 kg, kwaye kunciphise ukukhutshwa kwe-carbon dioxide malunga ne-1 ton. Ukuveliswa kombane we-photovoltaic kunamandla abalulekileyo, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho. Yenye yamandla aluhlaza asemgangathweni angcono kwilizwe lethu.
Uphuhliso lwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, njengokuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, yenye yeendlela ezisebenzayo zokujongana nemiba yokusingqongileyo efana nomkhenkce kunye nemvula ene-asidi. Ngokweziphumo zophando ezivela kwi-World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), ukufaka inkqubo yokuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic yemitha yesikwere enye kufana nokutyala imithi eyi-100 yeemitha zesikwere.
