Njengoko imfuneko yamandla avuselelekayo kwihlabathi liphela ikhula, iinkqubo ze-photovoltaic (PV) zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumacandelo orhwebo kunye nemizi-mveliso. Inkqubo ye-PV eyilwe kakuhle ayipheleli nje ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zamandla zentlangano, kodwa ikwanciphisa iindleko zokusebenza, iphucula umfanekiso wombutho ongqongileyo, kwaye inceda ekufezekiseni ukungathathi cala kwekhabhoni.
1. Ukukhethwa kweModyuli: Umahluko phakathi kokusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko.
Ukusebenza kakuhle ngokuchasene neendleko: Xa ukhetha iimodyuli ze-PV, izinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kukusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko. Iimodyuli ezisebenzayo kakhulu, nangona zibiza kakhulu, zinokubonelela ngamandla amaninzi kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho kwixesha elide. Kwimarike yangoku, iimodyuli ze-silicon ze-mono-crystalline zikhethwa ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza kwazo okuphezulu, nangona iimodyuli ze-silicon ze-poly-crystalline zikhuphisana ngokulinganayo ngenxa yeendleko zazo ezingabizi kakhulu.
Izixhobo kunye netekhnoloji: Ukongeza kwiimodyuli ezisekwe kwi-silicon, iimodyuli ze-PV zefilimu encinci kunye neemodyuli ezintsha ezisebenzayo kakhulu (ezifana neemodyuli ze-hetero-junction kunye ne-back-contact) zibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Uyilo kufuneka luqwalasele izinto ezinje ngokuqina kwemodyuli, i-coefficient yobushushu, kunye nokulahleka kwesithunzi.
2. Uyilo lweNkqubo: Uyilo oluLungileyo kunye nokuThatha Amandla.
Ukuqwalaselwa kweempawu zesakhiwo: Uyilo loyilo lweenkqubo ze-PV kufuneka luqwalasele iinkalo zesakhiwo, ezifana nommandla wophahla, imo, ukujongwa, kunye nokusingqongileyo okungqongileyo. Ezi zinto ziguquguqukayo zinempembelelo ngqo kwi-engile yokufakela, icala, kunye nolungiselelo lweephaneli ze-PV.
Ulawulo lwesithunzi: Uyilo oluhle loyilo lunokunciphisa kakhulu impembelelo yezithunzi ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo. Icebo elifanelekileyo lokufakela linokwenziwa kusetyenziswa ukulinganisa isoftware kunye nokufunda kwindawo ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ibamba amandla amaninzi kangangoko ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka.
3. Ukudibanisa ii-Inverter: Isitshixo sokuphucula ukusebenza kweNkqubo.
Uhlobo lwe-inverter: Ukukhethwa kwe-inverter kubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kwenkqubo ye-PV. Ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani benkqubo kunye neemfuno, ii-centralized, string, okanye ii-micro-inverters zingasetyenziswa. Ii-micro inverters zinokwenza ukuba kubekho ukulandelela okuphezulu kwamandla kwimodyuli nganye ye-PV, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.
Ulawulo lwamandla: Ii-inverters zinoxanduva olungaphezulu nje kokuguqulwa kwe-DC ukuya kwi-AC; zikwalawula kwaye zijonga amandla. Ii-inverters zanamhlanje zihlala zisebenzisana ne-smart grid ukubonelela ngempendulo yemfuno kunye nenkxaso yokugcina amandla, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu uqoqosho lwenkqubo kunye nokuthembeka.
4. Ukubeka esweni nokugcinwa kwenkqubo: Kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide.
Inkqubo yokubeka esweni: Inkqubo yokubeka esweni esebenzayo inokulandela ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-PV ngexesha langempela, ichonge kwaye isombulule imiba njengoko ivela. Uhlalutyo lwedatha lunokuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo kwaye lwandise ubomi bezixhobo.
Iiphaneli ze-PV kufuneka zicocwe kwaye zigcinwe rhoqo ukuze inkqubo isebenze kakuhle. Inkqubo yokulungisa kufuneka ilungelelaniswe neemeko zemozulu zasekuhlaleni kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo.
5. Uhlalutyo lweNzuzo yoQoqosho: Luqinisekisa iMbuyekezo kuTyalo-mali.
Ixesha lokubuyisela imali: Xa kusenziwa inkqubo ye-PV, kufuneka kuhlolwe ngokucokisekileyo utyalo-mali lokuqala lweprojekthi, iindleko zokusebenza, imbuyekezo eqikelelweyo, kunye nenkxaso yolawulo. Oku kunceda ekumiseleni isixa-mali esifanelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuxhasa iprojekthi, kunye nokuvavanya iingenelo zayo zoqoqosho.
Imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nezikhuthazo: Inkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo kwilizwe ngalinye nakwimimandla inempembelelo enkulu kuqoqosho lweeprojekthi zamandla elanga. Ukuqonda nokusebenzisa izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo, izaphulelo zerhafu, kunye nemithetho yetyala eliluhlaza kunokunyusa kakhulu ukutsala kotyalo-mali lweprojekthi.
Uyilo lwenkqubo ye-PV kwizakhiwo zorhwebo nezoshishino yiprojekthi entsonkothileyo efuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kwimiba emininzi yobugcisa nezoqoqosho. Iinkampani zingakha inkqubo ye-PV esebenzayo nengabizi kakhulu ngokuyicwangcisa nokuyila ngononophelo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuzimeleni kwamandla, kwiindleko zokusebenza eziphantsi, nasekukhuselweni kokusingqongileyo.
