Ugcino lwamandla e-Photovoltaic alufani nolwe-grid-connected power, ukwandisa ibhetri, kunye nezixhobo zokutshaja nokukhupha ibhetri, nangona iindleko zokuqala zonyusa i-20-40%, kodwa ububanzi besicelo bubanzi kakhulu. Ngokwezicelo ezahlukeneyo, inkqubo yokugcina amandla e-photovoltaic yelanga kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa umbane yahlulwe yaba yinkqubo yokuvelisa umbane ngaphandle kwegridi, kunye nenkqubo yokugcina amandla ngaphandle kwegridi, inkqubo yokugcina amandla eqhagamshelwe kwigridi kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zeenkqubo ze-micro-grid zamandla ezixutyiweyo, njalo njalo, iintlobo ezine.
Inkqubo yokuvelisa umbane ngaphandle kwegridi ye-photovoltaic
Inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ngaphandle kwegridi ye-photovoltaic (i-Off-Grid Photovoltaic Power Generation), iiseli zelanga ukongeza kwisixhobo sokubala esifakwe kwi-calculator, ukusetyenziswa okulula komzimba wewotshi ye-elektroniki, kunye nephaneli yelanga, isixhobo esilula sokutshaja, ibhetri ekwakhiweni kwenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic elula, isixhobo esinjalo sidla ngokusetyenziswa ngabalusi ukuthutha umbane werediyo kunye nokukhanya kwangokuhlwa. Ngoku kukwakho namandla elanga aphathwayo.
Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi kunye nezingekho kwigridi
Inkqubo ye-Photovoltaic ngokwesicelo sokwenyani seentlobo ngeentlobo, apho inkqubo yokugcina amandla ngaphandle kwegridi ibonakaliswa kukuveliswa kombane okuqhagamshelwe kwigridi, kodwa kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla, kodwa kunye nokusebenza komntu ngaphandle kwegridi, kwezinye iindawo zorhwebo, ngenxa yomthamo omncinci wenkqubo ye-transformer photovoltaic ekhutshwe ngumbane ayivumelekanga ukuya kwi-intanethi ukuthengisa umbane, kodwa kufuneka nokuba nokungabikho kokuzinza kwegridi yamandla yengingqi, kwaye kukwakho neendawo apho ixabiso le-intanethi liphantsi kakhulu. Amaxabiso ombane asetyenziswa kanye aphezulu, umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwexabiso lencopho kunye nentlambo mkhulu, ukufakelwa kwezityalo zamandla ze-photovoltaic kwezi ndawo. Ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokugcina amandla kwigridi nakwigridi.
Inkqubo yokugcina amandla ye-photovoltaic kunye ne-off-grid ineendlela ezine eziphambili zokwenza inzuzo:
1. Ukusebenzisa umbane we-photovoltaic kumthwalo, ungamisela ixabiso lombane ophezulu, unciphise iindleko zombane.
2. Tyala ngexesha elingekho ngxamiseko kwaye ukhuphe imali ngexesha elililo, usebenzisa umahluko wexabiso eliphakathi kwencochoyi kunye nelo lentlambo ukwenza inzuzo.
3. Ayikwazi ukuba kwi-intanethi, ingafakelwa ukuthintela inkqubo yokuhamba umva. Amandla e-PV makhulu kunamandla omthwalo, amandla awakwazi ukusetyenziswa ukuya kuthi ga kwindawo yokugcina ibhetri.
4. Ukucima kwegridi, inkqubo itshintshelwa kwimowudi ye-off-grid. Inkqubo ye-PV iyaqhubeka nokuvelisa umbane, inkqubo iyaqhubeka nokusebenza njengombane oxhasayo, umbane we-photovoltaic kunye nombane webhetri ukuya kumthwalo nge-inverter.
Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yokuvelisa umbane eqhagamshelwe kwigridi, kunye nenkqubo engaphandle kwegridi yonyusa isilawuli sokutshaja/sokukhupha umbane kunye nebhetri, iindleko zenkqubo zonyuke malunga ne-30%, kodwa ububanzi bokusetyenziswa bubanzi. Okokuqala, ingamiselwa kwimveliso yamandla alinganisiweyo kwincopho yexabiso lombane ukunciphisa ityala lombane; okwesibini, ingatshajwa kwincopho yexabiso lombane kwaye ikhutshwe kwincopho yokwenza imali ngokusebenzisa umahluko phakathi kwexabiso eliphakathi neliphakathi; okwesithathu, xa igridi ingasebenzi, inkqubo ye-PV iya kuqhubeka isebenza njengomthombo wamandla okuxhasa, kwaye i-inverter ingatshintshelwa kwimo ye-off-grid, kwaye i-PV kunye neebhetri zinokunikezelwa kumthwalo nge-inverter.
Inkqubo yokugcina amandla e-photovoltaic eqhagamshelwe kwigridi
Iinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ezine-grid-energy storage zinokugcina ukuveliswa kwamandla agqithisileyo, nto leyo eyandisa umlinganiselo wokuzivelisa nokuzisebenzisa. Ezi nkqubo zisetyenziswa kwiimeko apho ukuzivelisa kwe-PV kunye nokuzisebenzisa kungenakufumaneka kwi-Intanethi, iirhafu eziphezulu zibiza kakhulu kunezinga lamaza, kwaye iirhafu zokuzisebenzisa zibiza kakhulu kuneerhafu zokuzifakela. Le nkqubo yenziwe liqela lesikwere se-photovoltaic eliquka iimodyuli zeseli zelanga, isilawuli selanga, ibhanki yebhetri, i-inverter eqhagamshelwe kwigridi, isixhobo sokufumanisa umbane, umthwalo, kunye nezinye izinto. Isilawuli sigcina amanye amandla elanga kwaye sihambisa amanye awo kumthwalo xa amandla elanga engaphezulu kwamandla omthwalo. Le nkqubo iqhutywa yindibaniselwano yegridi kunye namandla elanga xa amandla elanga anganelanga ukunika amandla umthwalo. Emva kokurhoxiswa kwezibonelelo ze-photovoltaic, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi zinokufakwa ngaphambi kokufakwa kweenkqubo zelanga kwamanye amazwe nakwiindawo, okuvumela ukuba imveliso yamandla e-photovoltaic izenzekele kwaye isebenziseke ngokwayo. Isixhobo sokugcina amandla esiqhagamshelwe kwigridi singasetyenziswa nee-inverters ezivela kubavelisi abahlukeneyo ngelixa sigcina ulungelelwaniso lwaso lokuqala. Xa i-sensor yangoku ibona ukuhamba komsinga ukuya kwigridi, isixhobo sokugcina amandla esiqhagamshelwe kwigridi siyasebenza, sigcina umbane ogqithisileyo kwibhetri kwaye, ukuba ibhetri igcwele, sivula isifudumezi samanzi sombane. Ibhetri ingasetwa ukuthumela umbane kumthwalo nge-inverter xa umthwalo wendlu usanda ebusuku.
Inkqubo yegridi encinci yokugcina amandla
I-solar cell square array, i-inverter eqhagamshelwe kwigridi, i-PCS bidirectional converter, i-intelligent switching switch, i-bank yebhetri, kunye ne-generator zenza i-micro grid system. umthwalo, njl.njl. Xa kukho ukukhanya, i-photovoltaic array iguqula amandla elanga abe ngumbane. Emva koko isebenzisa i-inverter ukunika amandla umthwalo kwaye i-PCS bidirectional converter ukutshaja ipakethi yebhetri. Xa kungekho kukhanya, ibhetri isebenzisa i-PCS bidirectional converter ukunika amandla umthwalo. I-micro grid sesona sisombululo sisebenzayo sokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwegridi yamandla kuba inokuyisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo nangokufanelekileyo isithembiso samandla acocekileyo asasazwayo ngelixa inciphisa iingxaki zomthamo omncinci, amandla okuvelisa angaqinisekanga, kunye nokuthembeka okuphantsi kobonelelo lwamandla oluzimeleyo. Ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwenkqubo kusebenza njengesongezelelo esiluncedo kwigridi yamandla amakhulu. Ii-Micro grids zinokunceda kakhulu amashishini emveli ukuba aphucule ngokwezoqoqosho kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Iingcali zithi usetyenziso lwe-micro grid lwahlukile kwaye lunokwahluka ngobukhulu ukusuka kwi-kilowatts ezimbalwa ukuya kwi-megawatts ezininzi. Ii-Micro grids zinokuyilwa kwisakhiwo esinye ukuya kumashishini amakhulu, imigodi, iinkampani, izibhedlele kunye nezikolo.
Ekupheleni kuka-Okthobha ka-2020, i-National Energy Administration yavuma ukuphunyezwa kwe-"PV Power System Efficiency Code", ekhulula ngokupheleleyo umlinganiselo womthamo wezikhululo zamandla ze-photovoltaic, kunye nomlinganiselo womthamo ocetyiswayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.
Ithuba:Ukuthunyelwa kweemodyuli zePV zasekhaya kuya kuqhubeka nokwanda kakhulu kwixesha elide, ngelixa ukuthunyelwa kwee-inverter kuya kwanda. Ukwabiwa okugqithisileyo okufanelekileyo kunokufezekisa i-LCOE ephantsi, kuphucule i-IRR yeprojekthi kwaye kukhawulezise ukukhuthazwa kokulingana.
Umngeni:Ukushiywa kokukhanya kunye nokuguquguquka komthamo wokuvelisa umbane we-PV ohambelanayo kunye nomthamo wokugqithisa.
Ukusekwa kwenkqubo esemgangathweni yoshishino lokugcina amandla esemgangathweni, inkqubo yokugcina amandla ibandakanya unxibelelwano oluninzi lwezixhobo, ukusebenza kwezixhobo zetyathanga lemizi-mveliso kuyahluka, umlilo kunye nezinye iingozi yingxaki ephambili echaphazela uphuhliso lokugcina amandla.
Cacisa imeko yemarike ezimeleyo yokugcina amandla, izakhiwo zokugcina amandla zinokudityaniswa ne-photovoltaic, amandla obushushu kunye neminye imithombo yamandla iyonke, ukuze kuthathwe inxaxheba kwiinkonzo zokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwenkqubo yamandla kunye nokutshintsha rhoqo, kwaye kufumaneke ingeniso, kodwa kwakhona njengequmrhu lemarike elizimeleyo.
Inkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo nezinzileyo, inkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo yemizi-mveliso yokugcina amandla kufuneka ihambelane nokuthengiswa, ngelixa kusetyenziswa imigaqo-nkqubo yemizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo.
Uphuhliso lwamandla exesha elizayo lwaseTshayina luza kudlula kwinkqubo ukusuka kwikhabhoni ephezulu ukuya kwikhabhoni ephantsi ukuya kwikhabhoni engekhoyo, amandla amatsha kwicandelo lombane ukusuka ekutshintsheni okuqhubekekayo kancinci kancinci aqala ukutshintshwa ngokwesitokhwe, ngokulandelelana, ukuze kugqitywe icala lomsebenzisi lokugcina amandla + amandla amatsha. Icala lokuvelisa amandla lokugcina amandla + ukulingana kwamandla amatsha. Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2035, imithombo yamandla amatsha efana ne-photovoltaics iza kubalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-30% yomxube wamandla, ixhasa ukunyuswa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla ngaphandle kokunyusa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
Nokuba isikhululo sokugcina amandla esifakelwe kumzekelo wothumelo okanye usasazo lwamandla nokuba sinendawo yokwabelana ngesikhululo samandla avuselelekayo, okanye ukufikelela ngokuzimeleyo kwisikhululo sokugcina amandla segridi, ikakhulu zivela kwinzuzo yemarike yamandla, ukwahlukahluka kwendlela.
Amandla amatsha ajolise kwicala lophuhliso lokugcinwa kwamandla acocekileyo avuselelekayo aqhagamshelwe kwigridi, ngendlela yokugcina amandla omoya kunye nelanga kancinci kancinci kwihlabathi liphela ukuqala imiboniso. Ukugcinwa kwamandla okuxhasa i-photovoltaic, amandla omoya okuzisa impembelelo yezoqoqosho yokuzinzisa okuqhubekayo, ulawulo lomoya kunye nokukhanya okulahliweyo, njl.njl., kuzise uphuculo oluhle.
