Ukwanda komthamo we-photovoltaic oqhagamshelwe kwigridi kunye nempembelelo yegridi ephumayo kudale iimeko ezilungileyo ngakumbi zophuhliso lokugcina amandla.
Ugcino lwamandla e-photovoltaic lwahlukile kumbane oqhagamshelwe kwigridi kuba lusebenzisa iibhetri ukugcina kunye nezixhobo zokutshaja nokukhupha iibhetri; utyalo-mali lokuqala luya kuba lukhulu, kodwa uluhlu lwezicelo ezinokwenzeka luya kuba lukhulu kakhulu. Kweli nqaku, sibonisa iimeko ezine zesicelo sokugcina amandla se-PV + ezihambelana nezicelo ezahlukeneyo: iimeko zesicelo sokugcina amandla se-PV kwigridi, iimeko zesicelo sokugcina amandla se-PV ngaphandle kwegridi, iimeko zesicelo sokugcina amandla senkqubo yokugcina amandla ye-hybrid-grid, kunye neemeko zesicelo sokugcina amandla se-PV micro-grid.
1. Imeko yezicelo zokugcina amandla ze-PV ngaphandle kwegridi
Iindlela zokugcina amandla ezisebenzisa i-photovoltaic ngaphandle kwegridi kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa umbane zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezikude zeentaba, kwiindawo ezingenamandla, kwiziqithi, kwizikhululo zonxibelelwano, nakwizibane zesitalato, phakathi kwezinye iindawo apho zinokusebenza khona ngokwazo ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwigridi yombane.
Inkqubo iqulathe uluhlu lwe-PV, i-inverter ye-PV, indawo yokugcina ibhetri, kunye nomthwalo wamandla. Xa kukho ukukhanya, uluhlu lwe-photovoltaic luguqula amandla elanga abe ngamandla ombane kwaye ngaxeshanye lunike amandla kumthwalo ngomatshini odibeneyo wolawulo oluchaseneyo kwaye lutshaje ipakethi yebhetri; xa kungekho kukhanya, ibhetri inika amandla umthwalo we-AC nge-inverter.
Iinkqubo zokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic ngaphandle kwegridi zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukusasazwa kwiindawo ezingenazo iigridi zombane okanye ezihlangabezana nokucinywa kombane rhoqo. Ezi nkqubo zisebenza ngendlela "yokugcina nokusebenzisa" okanye "yokugcina kuqala uze usebenzise", efana nendlela amalahle athunyelwa ngayo ngekhephu." "Ikhephu elifakwe kwilahle" Kwiindawo ezingenayo igridi yombane okanye apho kucinywa rhoqo iintsapho, iinkqubo ezingaphandle kwegridi ziluncedo kakhulu.
2. Iimeko zezicelo zokugcina amandla ze-PV hybrid-grid
Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ze-PV hybrid-grid zihlala zisetyenziswa xa kukho ukuphazamiseka kombane rhoqo. Iirhafu zokuzisebenzisa eziphezulu zithintela ukugqithisa kwi-intanethi; iirhafu eziphezulu zibiza kakhulu kuneerhafu ze-valley kunye nezo zezinye iindlela zokusetyenziswa.
Ii-photovoltaic arrays ezenziwe ziimodyuli zeseli zelanga, oomatshini abadibeneyo bamandla elanga abangaphandle kwegridi kunye negridi, iipakethi zebhetri, imithwalo, kunye nezinye izinto zenza inkqubo. Xa kukho ukukhanya, i-photovoltaic arrays iguqula amandla elanga abe ngamandla ombane kwaye itshaje ibhakethi yebhetri ngelixa inika amandla kumthwalo nge-inverter yolawulo lwelanga; xa ukukhanya kungekho, ibhetri itshaja i-inverter yolawulo lwelanga kwaye emva koko inike amandla kumthwalo we-AC.
Ukufakwa kwezilawuli zokutshaja/zokukhupha umbane kunye neebhetri kwinkqubo eqhagamshelwe kwigridi kunye nengaphandle kwegridi kunyusa iindleko zizonke malunga ne-30%-50% xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yokuvelisa umbane eqhagamshelwe kwigridi. Nangona kunjalo, olu nyuselo luyandisa usetyenziso olunokwenzeka lwenkqubo. Okokuqala, kunokwenzeka ukumisela inkqubo ye-PV ukuvelisa umbane kumthamo wayo olinganiselweyo ngexesha lemfuno ephezulu yombane ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zombane. Okwesibini, kunokwenzeka ukutshaja inkqubo ye-PV ngexesha lokusebenza ngaphandle kwegridi kwaye uyikhuphe ngexesha lemfuno yombane ephezulu, kusetyenziswe umahluko wamaxabiso phakathi kwamacandelo e-peak kunye ne-valley. Okokugqibela, ukuba igridi ayifumaneki, inkqubo ye-PV isebenza njengombane oxhasayo, kwaye i-inverter ingacinywa ukuze isebenze kwimodi engaphandle kwegridi. Okwangoku, le meko isetyenziswa rhoqo kumazwe aphuhlileyo aphesheya.
3. Imeko zesicelo seenkqubo zokugcina amandla ze-photovoltaic kwigridi
Inkqubo yokuvelisa umbane we-photovoltaic yokugcina amandla kwi-grid, esebenza kwimo yokudibanisa i-AC ikakhulu isebenzisa izixhobo zokugcina i-photovoltaic kunye namandla. Ukongeza ekwandiseni umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa ngokwakho kunye nokugcinwa kokusasazwa kwe-photovoltaic okusekwe emhlabeni, ukugcinwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kwimizi-mveliso nakwimizi-mveliso, kunye nezinye izicelo ezinokubakho, inkqubo inamandla okugcina ukuveliswa kombane ongaphezulu.
Iimodyuli zeseli zelanga ziqulunqwe uluhlu lwe-photovoltaic, oluzaliswa yi-battery pack, i-charge/discharge controller PCS, kunye nomthwalo odla amandla. Kwiimeko apho amandla elanga engaphantsi kwamandla omthwalo, inkqubo inikwa amandla yi-solar energy kunye ne-grid. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa amandla elanga edlula amandla omthwalo, inxalenye yamandla elanga isetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngamandla kumthwalo, ngelixa inxalenye eseleyo igcinwa nge-controller. Ukongeza, inkqubo yokugcina amandla ingasetyenziswa kulawulo lweemfuno, i-peak kunye ne-valley arbitrage, kunye nezinye iimeko zokwandisa imodeli yenzuzo yenkqubo.
Kwimarike entsha yamandla yaseTshayina, inkqubo yokugcina amandla eqhagamshelwe kwigridi ye-PV ifumene umdla omkhulu njengemeko entsha yokusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Ngokudibanisa isixhobo sokugcina amandla, ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic, kunye negridi ye-AC, le nkqubo iphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo.
4. Iimeko zeenkqubo zokugcina amandla ze-micro-grid
Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo njengesixhobo sokugcina amandla, inkqubo yokugcina amandla yegridi encinci ithatha indawo ebaluleke ngakumbi kwinkqubo yamandla kunye nophuhliso olutsha lwamandla eTshayina.
Njengoko amandla avuselelekayo efumana udumo kunye nophuhliso lwesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe luqhubeka luhambela phambili, iimeko zokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokugcina amandla ze-micro-grid ziyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ezi meko zichaphazela ikakhulu iinkalo ezimbini ezidweliswe ngezantsi:
1). Inkqubo yokuvelisa umbane osasazwayo kunye nokugcina amandla: Ukuveliswa kombane osasazwayo kubhekiselele ekubekweni kwezixhobo zokuvelisa umbane ezincinci kufutshane nomsebenzisi wokugqibela, kusetyenziswa imithombo efana namandla omoya, i-solar photovoltaic, kunye neminye. Nawuphi na umbane ongaphezulu oveliswayo kamva ugcinwa kwinkqubo yokugcina umbane, usebenza njengombane oxhasayo ngexesha lemfuno ephezulu yombane okanye ukucima kwegridi.
2). Ugcino lwamandla e-micro-grid: Ukuze kubekho umbane othembekileyo kwiindawo ezikude, iziqithi, nakwezinye iindawo ezinokufikelela okunzima kwi-grid, iinkqubo zokugcina amandla e-micro-grid zingasetyenziswa njengemithombo yamandla egciniweyo.
Ngokusebenzisa ukongeza amandla amaninzi, ii-micro-grids zinokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla acocekileyo asasazwayo. Oku kuzenza zikwazi ukunciphisa izinto ezingathandekiyo ezifana nomthamo olinganiselweyo, ukuveliswa kwamandla okungathembekanga, kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla okuzimeleyo okungathembekanga, ngelixa ziqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwegridi enkulu yamandla. Ngenxa yoko, ii-micro-grids zisebenza njengesongezelelo esibalulekileyo kwigridi enkulu yamandla. Ubungakanani beemeko zokusetyenziswa kwegridi encinci bukhulu kakhulu, ukusuka kwii-kilowatts ezimbalwa ukuya kwi-megawatts ezilishumi, kwaye iintlobo ngeentlobo zokusetyenziswa okunokwenzeka zibanzi kakhulu.
Iindlela zokusetyenziswa kogcino lwamandla e-photovoltaic zibanzi kwaye zahlukahlukene, ziquka ii-micro-grids, iinkqubo ezingaphandle kwegridi, kunye neenkqubo eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kubonakala ngeenzuzo kunye neempawu ezizodwa zohlobo ngalunye lwemeko, ezibonelela abasebenzisi ngamandla athembekileyo nasebenzayo.
Njengoko iteknoloji ye-PV iqhubeka ihambela phambili kwaye iindleko ziqhubeka zincipha, ukugcinwa kwamandla e-PV kuya kuthatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yamandla yexesha elizayo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuqhubela phambili kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemeko ezahlukeneyo kuya kwenza kube lula ukuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kwecandelo lamandla elikhulayo laseTshayina kwaye kuncede ekufezekiseni utshintsho lwamandla kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo nolusebenzisa i-carbon ephantsi.
