Ngamnye kuthi ebomini unokuziva ixesha lokukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka xa kutshintshile, ixesha lokukhanya kwelanga lasehlotyeni lide, ixesha lokukhanya kwelanga lasebusika lifutshane, oku kummandla wobude bemini otshintsha rhoqo kungenxa yokujikeleza koMhlaba elangeni okuveliswayo. KwiNorthern Hemisphere, apho sihlala khona, usuku lude kakhulu kwi-summer solstice (malunga ne-22 kaJuni) kwaye lufutshane kwi-winter solstice (malunga ne-22 kaDisemba). Ukusuka kwi-summer solstice ukuya kwi-winter solstice, iintsuku ziya zifutshane, kwaye ukusuka kwi-winter solstice ukuya kwi-summer solstice, iintsuku ziya zinde. Kwabo banemibuzo malunga nale patheni, ungajonga "iShift of the Sun's Direct Sunspot" ekhankanyiweyo nguGiorgio Graffi ngaphambili.
Oku kungasentla ikakhulu malunga nepateni yokutshintsha kobude bemini kummandla ngonyaka, ngoko ke ukuba sifuna ukuthelekisa ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokukhanya kwelanga kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngonyaka, esi salathisi siya kuchaphazeleka zeziphi izinto?
Okokuqala, kufuneka sahlule phakathi kweengcamango ezimbini zobude bemini nexesha lokukhanya kwelanga, ubude bemini bubhekisela kubude bemini kummandla, kufuneka bulingane nomzuzu wokutshona kwelanga ngaphandle komzuzu wokuphuma kwelanga, ukubalwa okuthe ngqo komva weGioGraffi kuya kwaziswa ngokweenkcukacha, oluvavanyo oluphindaphindwayo, kodwa uninzi lwabafundi alunako ukoyisa ubunzima. Ixesha lokukhanya kwelanga libhekisa elangeni kwindawo enenani leeyure zokwenyani, elisetyenziswa kakhulu ukuchaza iimeko zomoya okanye iimpawu zemozulu zommandla, ngoko ke izinto ezichaphazela ixesha lokukhanya kwelanga ikakhulu yimozulu, endaweni yobubanzi, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo koku!
Makhe sijonge iiyure eziqhelekileyo zokukhanya kwelanga eTshayina, kwitshathi elandelayo ungashwankathela ngowuphi umthetho? Kwaye ufumane ukuba zeziphi iimeko ezikhethekileyo?
Kwitshathi engasentla, ukuya kuthi ga ku-2018, inani eliqhelekileyo leeyure zokusasazwa kwelanga lingabonwa, lilonke, inani eliqhelekileyo leeyure zokukhanya kwelanga eTshayina eliboniswa ngumzantsi-mpuma ukuya kumntla-ntshona liyakhula, ikakhulu ngenxa yeendawo ezisemazantsi-mpuma ezichaphazeleka yimvula, imvula ininzi, imozulu inemvula ichaphazela inani leeyure zokukhanya kwelanga, kwaye ngaphakathi kumntla-ntshona wemozulu eyomileyo, imvula incinci, inani leeyure zokukhanya kwelanga lide. Ukongeza, abahlobo abalumkileyo banokufumanisa ukuba iiyure zokukhanya kwelanga zonyaka zeTibetan Plateau, inxalenye esentshona yeInner Mongolian Plateau kunye nezinye iindawo zimalunga neeyure ezingama-3,000, ngenxa yokuphakama okuphezulu, umoya omncinci, imozulu enelanga. Kwelinye icala, iSichuan Basin ineeyure ezingaphantsi kwe-1,000 zokukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka, ikakhulu ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-topography, umphunga wamanzi omninzi, amafu amaninzi kunye neeyure zokukhanya kwelanga ezingaphantsi.
Okulandelayo, makhe sijonge uludwe lweeyure zokukhanya kwelanga ezisemgangathweni kwihlabathi liphela. Zeziphi izixeko ezifumana ukukhanya kwelanga? Kwaye zeziphi izixeko ezingafumani ukukhanya kwelanga unyaka wonke?
IiYure ezili-10 eziphezulu zeLanga eliPhakathi loNyaka
01. Yuma, e-USA, iiyure ezingama-4015.3 zokukhanya kwelanga okuqhelekileyo ngonyaka
IYuma ikwicala elikumzantsi-ntshona welizwe lase-Arizona eMelika, kufutshane neCalifornia, inemozulu eyomileyo kunye nemvula yonyaka engaphantsi kwe-100mm, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sisixeko sodwa esineeyure ezingaphezu kwama-4,000 zelanga ngonyaka, nto leyo elingana nomndilili weeyure ezili-10.96 zelanga ngosuku. IYuma ikwanomnye wemithombo yelanga etyebileyo eMelika.
02.Massa Alam, eJiphutha, ilanga lifikelela kwiiyure ezingama-3,958 ngonyaka
IMassa Alam lizibuko elikunxweme loLwandle oluBomvu, elinemozulu yasentlango eshushu kakhulu, ishushu kwaye yomile unyaka wonke, inamafu ambalwa kunye nelanga elikhanyayo. Ukusukela oko kwavulwa isikhululo seenqwelo-moya samazwe ngamazwe sasekuhlaleni ngo-2001, iMarsa Alam ibe yindawo entsha ethandwayo ngabantywili kummandla woLwandle oluBomvu.
03.Calama, eChile, ilanga likhanya iiyure ezingama-3926.2 ngonyaka
ICalama sisixeko esikumantla eChile esikwiintaba zasentshona zeAndes, iikhilomitha ezingama-21 ukusuka kwimigodi yobhedu evulekileyo yaseChuquicamata, kwindawo ephakamileyo yeemitha ezingama-2,266 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, enemozulu eyomileyo kakhulu.
04. I-Dakhla Oasis, e-Egypt, ilanga lifikelela kwiiyure eziyi-3,943.4 ngonyaka
Ifumaneka kwiPhondo laseNew Valley e-Egypt, i-Dakhla Oasis yenye yeendawo ezisixhenxe ezikwiNtlango yaseNtshona ye-Egypt. Imithombo yamanzi ashushu engaphezu kwama-500, imiyezo yeziqhamo echumileyo, iidolophu needolophana ezisele zamandulo, izindlu ezintle ezibiyelwe ngezitena zodaka kunye nezikhumbuzo ezahlukeneyo kule ndawo ziye zaba yindawo ephambili yokutyelela abakhenkethi abavela kwihlabathi liphela.
05. Phoenix, e-USA, iiyure ezingama-3871.6 zokukhanya kwelanga okuqhelekileyo ngonyaka
Zombini iPhoenix kunye neYuma ezikumgangatho ophezulu zifumaneka eArizona, apho iPhoenix ikwalikomkhulu layo. IPhoenix ikwaguqulelwa njengePhoenix, eyaziwa ngokuba yiHoozdo ngolwimi lwesiNavajo, oko kuthetha indawo eshushu. IPhoenix inemozulu eyomileyo enamaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngonyaka kunanoma yimuphi umzi omkhulu eMelika. Ngokomyinge, amaqondo obushushu adlula ama-38 degrees Fahrenheit iintsuku ezingama-89 ngonyaka, phantse lonke ixesha ukususela ngoJuni ukuya kuSeptemba. Ukongeza, igama leqela le-NBA elisePhoenix yi "Phoenix Suns", oko kuthetha ukuba ilanga likhanya unyaka wonke.
06. Kitmanshoop, eNamibia, umyinge weeyure zelanga zonyaka ezingama-3870h
IKitmanshoop yidolophu ekumzantsi weNamibia kwaye likomkhulu loMmandla weKaras. Ikwindawo esemaphethelweni eNtlango yaseNamib, inemozulu eyomileyo enemvula encinci kunye neeyure ezinde zelanga.
07. Las Vegas, e-USA, iiyure zokukhanya kwelanga eziqhelekileyo ngonyaka ziyi-3825.3h
ILas Vegas sesona sixeko sikhulu kwilizwe laseNevada eMelika kunye nesixeko esidumileyo kwihlabathi liphela sokungcakaza. ILas Vegas ikwicala lentlango yaseNevada eMelika kwaye ijikelezwe ziintaba eziphakamileyo eziziimitha ezili-1000-3000. ILas Vegas inemozulu eqhelekileyo yasentlango ehlotyeni, apho amaqondo obushushu emini adla ngokufikelela kwi-38°C ukuya kuthi ga kwi-45°C nangaphezulu.
08. ETucson, e-USA, iiyure zokukhanya kwelanga eziqhelekileyo ngonyaka ziyi-3806h
ITucson sisixeko sesithathu kuluhlu oluvela kwilizwe laseArizona elikumzantsi we-US, elikwindawo yentlambo erhangqwe ziintaba kumacala amathathu. Ubusika obuhlala unyaka wonke kunye nelanga elininzi kuye kwatsala abakhenkethi abaninzi, ingakumbi uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini labahlala phantsi elimelwe liziko lokuchacha, kwaye abantu abadala abaninzi abavela kumntla-mpuma we-US bathenge iipropati eTucson. Ukongeza, iDavis-Monthan Air Force Base ikwindawo yesixeko.
09. IHarij, eJiphutha, iiyure zokukhanya kwelanga eziqhelekileyo ngonyaka ziyi-3790.8
IHarij yeyona ndawo inkulu ye-oasis kwiNtlango yaseNtshona yeYiputa, enamabhodlo eetempile ukususela kwinkulungwane yesihlanu ngaphambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo. Yindawo edumileyo yabakhenkethi eYiputa. Imozulu eyomileyo unyaka wonke, ukuze kuphuhliswe ezolimo, kwakhiwe iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela, kuphuculwe umhlaba, kuphuculwe ezolimo.
10. El Paso, e-USA, iiyure zokukhanya kwelanga eziqhelekileyo ngonyaka ziyi-3762.5h
I-El Paso ikwicala elisentshona yelizwe laseTexas eMelika. Igama lesixeko, i-El paso, ligama lesiSpanish elithetha "i-The Pass", elibhekisa kwiibhanki ezihlanjwe yiRio Grande. Imozulu yomile, inomphunga omncinci wamanzi kunye nelifu elincinci.
Okulandelayo: Ezona 10 ziphezulu zokungaliboni ilanga
01. ITotoro, eColombia, umyinge weeyure zokukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka ezingama-637h
ITotoro ikumzantsi-ntshona weColombia, phantsi kolawulo lwesebe laseCauca, apho imozulu ishushu kwaye inomswakama unyaka wonke, kunye nemvula yonyaka engaphezulu kwe-1,500 millimeters.
02. ITórshavn, kwiZiqithi zaseFaroe, umyinge weeyure zokukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka 840h
ITórshavn likomkhulu leZiqithi zaseFaroe, kwaye igama lesixeko linokuchazwa njenge "Thor's Harbor", igama lothixo weendudumo kwiintsomi zaseNorse. IZiqithi zaseFaroe zinemvula eninzi kunye nemozulu enamafu unyaka wonke ngenxa yemimoya yasentshona kunye nokudibana kwemisinga efudumeleyo nebandayo, okwenza ilanga libe yinto yokunethezeka kwiZiqithi zaseFaroe.
03. IChongqing, eTshayina, iiyure zokukhanya kwelanga ezi-954.8 ngonyaka
IChongqing, umasipala omncinci eTshayina, waziwa ngokuba yi "City of Mountains" kunye "neCity of Mist". IChongqing ineentaba, iintaba zithatha indawo engaphezulu kwesibini kwisithathu sommandla wayo uphela, kwaye inemozulu yemvula engaphantsi kwetropiki enemvula eninzi. Ukongeza, uMlambo iJialing eChongqing Chaotianmen ungena kuMlambo iYangtze, umthamo womphunga wamanzi. Ukudibana kwezinto kwenza iChongqing ibe nenkungu, kwaye inani leeyure zelanga liphantsi ngokufanayo.
04. IDixon, eRashiya, iiyure ezili-1164.3 zokukhanya kwelanga okuqhelekileyo ngonyaka
Ifumaneka kufutshane nomlomo woMlambo iYenisei kwi-73°N, iDixon ichaphazeleka yimozulu yeArctic, eneenyanga ezili-10 zobusika minyaka le. Ilanga alikho nje kuphela iinyanga ezi-2, kodwa ngenxa yemozulu ebandayo, emanzi kunye namafu aphezulu, ilanga alisoloko libonakala xa likho.
05. IMalabo, e-Equatorial Guinea, ilanga eliqhelekileyo lifikelela kwiiyure eziyi-1176.7 ngonyaka
IMalabo likomkhulu le-Equatorial Guinea kwaye ikwisiqithi esinentaba-mlilo esijikelezwe lulwandle nakwindawo ye-equator, enemozulu yaselwandle eshushu, ngoko ke iMalabo inemvula eninzi kwaye iphantsi kakhulu iiyure zonyaka ezinelanga eliphakathi.
06. IBuenaventura, eColombia, ilanga eliqhelekileyo eliyi-1178h ngonyaka
IBuenaventura yeyona zibuko inkulu eColombia kwaye yeyona dolophu ibalulekileyo kunxweme lwePasifiki yelizwe. Ikwisiqithi saseCascajal kwiGulf of Buenaventura, esi sixeko siqhagamshelwe kwilizwekazi ngebhulorho kwaye siyindawo ebalulekileyo yorhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseColombia. Ngenxa yendawo ekuyo kumda wonxweme kufutshane ne-ikhweyitha, imozulu ifudumele kwaye inomswakama kwaye inemvula eninzi.
07. ELima, ePeru, umyinge weeyure zokukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka ziyi-1230h
ILima likomkhulu lasePeru kwaye yahlulwe kabini: isixeko esidala nesixeko esitsha. ILima yaziwa kwihlabathi liphela njengesixeko esingenamvula, esingenazindudumo, imibane okanye izivuthuvuthu unyaka wonke, kwaye umkhenkce nekhephu azikho. Nangona kungekho mvula, iiyure zokukhanya kwelanga eziqhelekileyo zaseLima ziphantsi ngendlela emangalisayo, kwaye abanye abaphengululi bacinga ukuba oku kunento yokwenza nongcoliseko lomoya olubangelwa luphuhliso olukhulu lwemizi-mveliso eLima.
08. Ushuaia, eArgentina, iiyure zokukhanya kwelanga eziqhelekileyo ngonyaka ziyi-1281.2h
I-Ushuaia ikumzantsi weArgentina, iikhilomitha ezingama-3,200 ukusuka eBuenos Aires, ikomkhulu lelizwe, kodwa iikhilomitha ezingama-800 kuphela ukusuka e-Antarctica, isixeko esisemazantsi ehlabathi, esaziwa ngokuba sisiphelo sehlabathi. I-Ushuaia yindawo efanelekileyo yokuqalisa uhambo kunye nokubonelela kwakhona ngeenkonzo zohambo kunye nohambo oluya e-Antarctica. Ngenxa yendawo ekuyo kwiWesterly Wind Belt, ejongene nemimoya yasentshona kunye nemisinga yasentshona unyaka wonke, i-Ushuaia ibanda kwaye imanzi unyaka wonke, kwaye ilanga kunzima ukulifumana.
09. Reykjavik, eIceland, iiyure ezili-1,326 zeeyure zokukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka
IReykjavik yidolophu enkulu yase-Iceland, kunye nesixeko sokuqala nezibuko lokuqala kweli lizwe. Ikwi-64°N, iReykjavik ikufutshane kakhulu neArctic Circle, kodwa ichaphazeleka yiNorth Atlantic Warm Current kwaye inemozulu epholileyo. Nangona kunjalo, unxweme, kunye nobuninzi bemithombo ye-geothermal, kubangela ukuba kubekho umphunga wamanzi omninzi kwisixeko saseReykjavík, ochaphazela iiyure zelanga.
10. IBogotá, eColombia, umyinge weeyure zokukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka ziyi-1328h
IBogotá likomkhulu laseColombia kwaye lelinye lawona dolophu akhula ngokukhawuleza kwiidolophu kummandla waseLatin America. Inkqubo yeBogotá yeBhasi eKhawulezayo (BRT) idumile kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ilinganiswa ziindawo ezininzi. IBogotá ikufutshane ne-equator, kodwa ikwindawo enentaba enemozulu epholileyo. NjengeChongqing, iiyure zokukhanya kwelanga eziqhelekileyo zaseBogotá ziphantsi kakhulu.
