He nui, he kanorau hoki te ao hangarau o te mākete rokiroki pūngao o Amerika, me te maha o ngā hangarau e pai ana te mahi i roto i ngā horopaki tono rerekē, ā, koinei te mea e akiaki ana i te whanaketanga o te umanga rokiroki pūngao.
Hangarau Pūhiko Ritiumu-ion
Kua noho ko ngā pākahiko lithium-ion hei hangarau matua i roto i te mākete rokiroki pūngao o Amerika nā te nui o te kaha o te pūngao, te roa o te huringa ora me te tere o te urupare, e kapi ana i te neke atu i te 80% o te rokiroki pūngao tauine-pūnaha. He tino pakari tōna hangarau, ā, he whānui te whakamahinga, mai i ngā tipu hiko rokiroki pūngao nui ki ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao tohatoha tauine-iti. Hei tauira, i roto i ētahi kaupapa rokiroki pūngao nui i California, ko ngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngao pākahiko lithium-ion te kawenga mō te whakataurite i te tuku me te tono whatunga, me te kai i te hiko pūngao hou. Heoi, he ngoikoretanga anō hoki ō ngā pākahiko lithium-ion, pērā i te poto o te huringa ora o te pākahiko i ngā pāmahana teitei, te mura o te electrolyte me ētahi atu take, e whakawhāiti ana i tā rātou whakamahinga i roto i ētahi āhuatanga motuhake.
Hangarau Pūhiko Rere Wai
He nui te kaha rokiroki pūngao me te roa o te huringa utu/tuku, he tino pai te pākahiko rere wai mō ngā tono rokiroki pūngao nui, pērā i ngā teihana hiko photovoltaic nui me ngā pāmu hau. Ka taea e ia te rokiroki me te tuku pūngao hiko mā te tauhohenga redox o ngā katote i roto i te electrolyte, ā, he pai hoki mō te haumaru teitei me te tuku hohonu. I te US, kua tīmata ngā kaupapa rokiroki pūngao taumata-pūnaha i ētahi rohe ki te whakamahi i te hangarau pākahiko iahiko wai hei whakaoti rapanga mo te wā poto o te whakaputa pūngao hou me te whakarei ake i te pumau o te pūnaha hiko.
Hangarau pākahiko totoka
E kitea ana ngā pākahiko totoka hei huarahi whanaketanga nui mō te hangarau rokiroki pūngao o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei, ā, e tūmanakohia ana ka whakaoti i ngā take haumaru o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion me te whakapai ake i te kiato pūngao me te mahi utu/tuku. Kāore i rite ki ngā pākahiko lithium-ion tuku iho e whakamahi ana i ngā irahiko wai, ka whakamahia e ngā pākahiko totoka ngā irahiko totoka, e whakaiti ana i te mōrearea o te rerenga wera o te pākahiko, ā, ka whakapai ake i te haumaru me te pumau o te pākahiko. I tēnei wā, he nui ngā rauemi kua whakangaohia e ngā whare rangahau me ngā umanga o Amerika i roto i te rangahau me te whanaketanga hangarau pākahiko totoka, ahakoa kāore anō kia whakamahia whānuitia hei tono arumoni, engari kua tutuki i a rātou ngā tohu, e tūmanakohia ana ka nohoia e te heke mai tētahi tūranga i roto i te mākete rokiroki pūngao.
Hangarau Pūnga-rahi
Ko ngā āhuatanga o te super-capacitor ko te kiato mana teitei, te tere o te utu me te tuku hiko tere, te roa o te ora huringa, me ētahi atu. He pai mō ngā āhuatanga he nui te tono mana me te utu me te tuku hiko auau, pērā i te pūnaha whakaora pūngao i roto i te mara o te kawe waka me te whakahaere auau tere o te whatunga hiko. I te US, ka whakamahia te hangarau super-capacitor i roto i ētahi tono rokiroki pūngao motuhake, hei tāpiri atu ki ētahi atu hangarau rokiroki pūngao hei arotau i te mahi a te pūnaha hiko.
