Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo mwachangu, ukadaulo wopanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito photovoltaic wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kunyumba ndi kunja, m'njira zosiyanasiyana komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana, makamaka pa malo akuluakulu opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito photovoltaic, nyumba zogona ndi zamalonda, madenga, kuphatikiza nyumba pogwiritsa ntchito photovoltaic, nyali za mumsewu pogwiritsa ntchito photovoltaic ndi zina zotero. Nyumba, mthunzi, ma chimney, fumbi, mitambo, ndi zinthu zina pamapeto pake zidzalepheretsa ma module a dzuwa m'malo ena. Chifukwa chake, ambiri akuda nkhawa ndi momwe zochitika zotere zimakhudzira mphamvu zopangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito solar cells komanso momwe angachitire nazo.
Mwachizolowezi, maselo a dzuwa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi ma module ambiri olumikizidwa motsatizana kapena ofanana kuti apange voltage kapena current yomwe mukufuna. Kuti akwaniritse mphamvu yayikulu yosinthira ma photovoltaic, selo lililonse mu module liyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Pakagwiritsidwa ntchito, selo limodzi kapena angapo likhoza kusagwirizana, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha ming'alu, kulephera kwa kulumikizana kwamkati, kapena mthunzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusagwirizana pakati pa makhalidwe awo ndi onse.
Muzochitika zina, gawo la maselo a dzuwa lokhala ndi mthunzi mu nthambi zingapo lidzagwira ntchito ngati katundu, kuwononga mphamvu zopangidwa ndi ma module ena a maselo a dzuwa ndi kuwala. Gawo la maselo a dzuwa lokhala ndi mthunzi lidzatentha panthawiyi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo otentha awonongeke kwambiri. Kukhudzidwa kumeneku kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa selo la dzuwa. Ma cell omwe ali ndi mthunzi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zina zopangidwa ndi maselo a dzuwa opepuka. Kuti selo la dzuwa lisavulale ndi zotsatira za malo otentha, lumikizani diode yodutsa pakati pa ma terminal abwino ndi oipa a gawo la maselo a dzuwa. Izi zimaletsa mphamvu zopangidwa ndi gawo lowunikira kuwala kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi gawo lowunikira.
Ponena za zomwe zimayambitsa malo otentha, komwe kumachokera maselo oyambitsa vutoli, ndi njira zothanirana nazo.
Gawo lofunika kwambiri la PV module ndi solar cell. Kawirikawiri, makhalidwe amagetsi a solar cell omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu solar module iliyonse ayenera kukhala ofanana; apo ayi, chomwe chimatchedwa hot spot effect chingachitike pa ma cell omwe ali ndi magetsi ochepa kapena omwe ali ndi mithunzi (ma cell ovuta).
Pofuna kupewa malo otentha, selo iliyonse iyenera kulumikizidwa limodzi ndi diode ya bypass; ngati batire yalephera kapena maselo atsekedwa, diode ya bypass idzadutsa maselo ovuta.
Sizotheka kulumikiza diode motsatizana ndi selo lililonse. Kawirikawiri, gulu limakhala ndi maselo 18 (maselo 36 kapena 54 motsatizana) kapena maselo 24 (maselo 72 motsatizana) motsatizana ndi diode motsatizana.
N'zotheka kuti ngati mphamvu yopangidwa m'maselo 18 kapena 24 awa si yogwirizana, mwachitsanzo, pamene pali selo lovuta, mphamvu yodutsa mu chingwecho idzayambitsa malo otentha pa selo lovuta. Ngati mphamvuyo imasiyana kuchokera ku chingwe kupita ku chingwe, poto yolunjika kapena poto yosazolowereka idzawonekera pa poto yodziwika bwino ya moduleyo ndi diode yolumikizidwa.
Ngati magwiridwe antchito a maselo a dzuwa mkati mwa module sakugwirizana, malo otentha adzachitikadi. Zochitika za malo otentha zitha kuzindikirika pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a module ndi zithunzi za infrared.
Ngati kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa maselo a dzuwa mu moduleyi kwachitika chifukwa cha kutayika kwa mphamvu pambuyo pa kuchepa kwa kuwala kwa maselo a dzuwa, tingathe kuzindikira vuto la malo otentha pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira yowunikira ya moduleyi komanso njira yowunikira ya infrared. Tikhoza kuyerekeza njira yowunikira yowunikira ya moduleyi isanayambe komanso itatha, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira ya infrared kuti tiwone momwe imasinthira isanayambe komanso itatha kuwunikira.
Ngati gawoli silinalumikizidwe ndi diode ya bypass, ngakhale ngati pali vuto la selo, mawonekedwe otuluka a gawoli sangathe kuwona mawonekedwe otsetsereka, koma mphamvu yamagetsi yochepa iyenera kukhala yocheperako kuposa gawo lachizolowezi, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti pali vuto la malo otentha.
