Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ugesi we-photovoltaic busetshenziswe kabanzi kokubili ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene nasezindaweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezinkulu zikagesi we-photovoltaic ezisekelwe phansi, izakhiwo zokuhlala nezentengiselwano, ophahleni, ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo ze-photovoltaic, izibani zomgwaqo ze-photovoltaic njalo njalo. Izakhiwo, izithunzi, oshimula, uthuli, amafu, nezinye izinto ekugcineni zizovimba amamojula elanga ezindaweni ezithile. Ngenxa yalokho, abaningi bakhathazekile ngokuthi izenzakalo ezinjalo ziphazamisa kangakanani ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ugesi kwamaseli elanga nokuthi zingaxazululwa kanjani.
Empeleni, amaseli elanga ngokuvamile akhiwa amamojula amaningi axhunywe ochungechungeni noma ngokulingana ukuze akhiqize i-voltage noma i-current efiselekayo. Ukuze kufinyelelwe ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-photovoltaic okuphezulu, iseli ngalinye kumojula kumele libe nezici ezifanayo. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, iseli elilodwa noma amaningi angase angalingani, isibonelo, ngenxa yokuqhekeka, ukwehluleka kokuxhumeka kwangaphakathi, noma ukufiphaza, okuholela ekungahambelani phakathi kwezici zawo kanye nakho konke.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, imoduli yeseli yelanga enombala oluhlaza kusekethe yegatsha eliwuchungechunge izosebenza njengomthwalo, idle amandla akhiqizwa amanye amamoduli eseli lelanga ngokukhanya. Imoduli yeseli yelanga enombala oluhlaza izoshisa phakathi nalesi sikhathi, okuholela emphumeleni we-hot spot. Lo mthelela ungabangela umonakalo omkhulu kuseli yelanga. Amaseli anombala angadla amanye amandla akhiqizwa amaseli elanga akhanyayo. Ukuze uvimbele iseli yelanga ukuthi ingonakaliswa umphumela we-hot spot, xhuma i-bypass diode ehambisanayo phakathi kwama-terminal amahle nangalungile emoduli yeseli yelanga. Lokhu kuvimbela amandla adalwe yimoduli ekhanyiswe ukukhanya ukuthi angadliwa yimoduli ye-shading.
Mayelana nezimbangela ze-hot spot, umthombo wamaseli enkinga, kanye nezinyathelo zokulwa nazo.
Ingxenye eyisisekelo yemodyuli ye-PV yiseli yelanga. Ngokuvamile, izici zikagesi zamaseli elanga asetshenziswa kumodyuli ngayinye kufanele zifane; ngaphandle kwalokho, umphumela obizwa ngokuthi indawo eshisayo uzokwenzeka kumaseli angasebenzi kahle kagesi noma afihlwe (amaseli anenkinga).
Ukuze kugwenywe izindawo ezishisayo, iseli ngalinye kufanele lixhunywe kanyekanye ne-bypass diode; uma ibhethri lihluleka noma amaseli efakwe umthunzi, i-bypass diode izodlula amaseli anenkinga.
Akunakwenzeka ukuxhumanisa i-diode ngokuhambisana neseli ngalinye. Ngokuvamile, i-assembly iqukethe amaseli ayi-18 (amaseli angu-36 noma angu-54 ochungechungeni) noma angu-24 (amaseli angu-72 ochungechungeni) ochungechungeni kanye ne-diode ngokuhambisana.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uma ugesi okhiqizwa kula maseli angu-18 noma angu-24 ungahambisani, okungukuthi, uma kukhona iseli elinenkinga, ugesi owela intambo uzodala izindawo ezishisayo kuseli elinenkinga. Uma ugesi uhlukahluka kusuka kuntambo kuya kuntambo, kuzovela ijika lesinyathelo noma ijika elingavamile kujika elihlukile lemojuli nge-bypass diode exhunyiwe.
Uma ukusebenza kwamaseli elanga ngaphakathi kwemojuli kungaguquguquki, izindawo ezishisayo zizokwenzeka nakanjani. Izehlakalo zezindawo ezishisayo zingatholakala kusetshenziswa ijika elibonakalayo lemojuli kanye nesithombe se-infrared.
Uma ukungasebenzi kahle kwamaseli elanga kumojuli kubangelwa ukulahleka kokusebenza kahle ngemva kokuncipha kokukhanya kwamaseli elanga, singase sibone ukuthi kukhona inkinga yendawo eshisayo sisebenzisa ijika elichazayo lokukhipha lemojuli kanye nesithombe se-infrared. Singaqhathanisa ijika elichazayo lokukhipha lemojuli ngaphambi nangemva kokuncipha, kanye nokusebenzisa isithombe se-infrared ukuze sibone ukuthi sishintsha kanjani ngaphambi nangemva kokukhanya.
Uma i-module ingaxhunywanga ku-diode ye-bypass, noma ngabe kukhona iseli elinenkinga, i-output characteristic curve ye-module ayikwazi ukubona i-step curve, kodwa i-short-circuit current kufanele ibe mncane kune-module evamile, okubonisa ukuthi kukhona i-hot spot phenomenon.
