Ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwesayensi netekhnoloji, itekhnoloji yokuvelisa umbane nge-photovoltaic isetyenziswa kakhulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ikakhulu kwizikhululo zamandla ze-photovoltaic ezisemhlabeni, izakhiwo zokuhlala nezorhwebo, uphahla, ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo ze-photovoltaic, izibane zesitalato ze-photovoltaic njalo njalo. Izakhiwo, izithunzi, iitshimini, uthuli, amafu, nezinye izinto ekugqibeleni ziya kuthintela iimodyuli zelanga kwiindawo ezithile. Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi bakhathazekile malunga nokuba iziganeko ezinjalo ziphazamisa kangakanani ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kombane kweeseli zelanga kunye nendlela yokuzilungisa.
Enyanisweni, iiseli zelanga zihlala zenziwe ngeemodyuli ezininzi ezidityaniswe ngochungechunge okanye ngokuhambelana ukuvelisa i-voltage okanye i-current efunekayo. Ukuze kufumaneke ukusebenza okuphezulu kokuguqulwa kwe-photovoltaic, iseli nganye kwimodyuli kufuneka yabelane ngeempawu ezifanayo. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, iseli enye okanye ezingaphezulu zinokungafani, umzekelo, ngenxa yokuqhekeka, ukusilela konxibelelwano lwangaphakathi, okanye ukufiphala, okubangela ukungangqinelani phakathi kweempawu zazo kunye neyonke.
Phantsi kwezinye iimeko, imodyuli yeseli yelanga enombala kwisekethe yesebe elandelelanayo iya kusebenza njengomthwalo, idle amandla aveliswa zezinye iimodyuli zeseli yelanga ngokukhanya. Imodyuli yeseli yelanga enombala iya kutshisa ngeli xesha, nto leyo ebangela isiphumo sendawo eshushu. Le mpembelelo inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiseli yelanga. Iiseli ezinombala zinokutya amanye amandla aveliswa ziiseli zelanga ezikhanyayo. Ukuthintela iseli yelanga ukuba ingonakaliswa yisiphumo sendawo eshushu, qhagamshela i-bypass diode ngaxeshanye phakathi kwee-terminals ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zemodyuli yeseli yelanga. Oku kuthintela amandla adalwe yimodyuli ekhanyisiweyo ekusetyenzisweni yimodyuli emthunzini.
Malunga nezizathu zendawo eshushu, umthombo weeseli ezibangela ingxaki, kunye neendlela zokulwa ezihamba nayo.
Inxalenye esisiseko yemodyuli ye-PV yiseli yelanga. Ngokubanzi, iimpawu zombane zeeseli zelanga ezisetyenziswa kwimodyuli nganye kufuneka zifane; kungenjalo, oko kuthiwa yi-hot spot effect kuya kwenzeka kwiiseli ezingasebenzi kakuhle kombane okanye ezifakwe izithunzi (iiseli ezinengxaki).
Ukuze kuthintelwe iindawo ezishushu, iseli nganye kufuneka iqhagamshelwe ngaxeshanye ne-bypass diode; ukuba ibhetri ayisebenzi okanye iiseli zifakwe umbala, i-bypass diode iya kuzidlula iiseli ezinengxaki.
Akunakwenzeka ukudibanisa i-diode ngaxeshanye neseli nganye. Ngokwesiqhelo, indibano iqulethe iiseli ezili-18 (36 okanye 54 ezilandelelanayo) okanye ezingama-24 (iiseli ezingama-72 ezilandelelanayo) ezilandelelanayo kunye ne-diode elandelelanayo.
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukuba umbane oveliswa kwezi seli zili-18 okanye ezingama-24 awuhambelani, oko kukuthi, xa kukho iseli enengxaki, umbane ojikeleze umtya uya kubangela iindawo ezishushu kwiseli enengxaki. Ukuba umbane uyahluka ukusuka kumtya ukuya kumtya, ijika lesinyathelo okanye ijika elingaqhelekanga liya kuvela kwijika eliphawuleka lemodyuli kunye ne-bypass diode eqhagamshelweyo.
Ukuba ukusebenza kweeseli zelanga ngaphakathi kwimodyuli akuhambelani, ngokuqinisekileyo iindawo ezishushu ziya kwenzeka. Izinto ezishushu zinokubonwa kusetyenziswa i-curve ye-output characteristic curve yemodyuli kunye ne-infrared imaging.
Ukuba ukungalungelelani kokusebenza kweeseli zelanga kwimodyuli kubangelwa kukulahlekelwa kukusebenza kakuhle emva kokuncipha kokukhanya kweeseli zelanga, sinokubona ukuba kukho ingxaki kwindawo eshushu sisebenzisa i-output characteristic curve yemodyuli kunye ne-infrared imaging. Singathelekisa i-output characteristic curve yemodyuli ngaphambi nasemva kokuncipha, kunye nokusebenzisa i-infrared imaging ukuze sibone ukuba itshintsha njani ngaphambi nasemva kokukhanya.
Ukuba imodyuli ayiqhagamshelwanga kwi-bypass diode, nokuba kukho iseli enengxaki ekhoyo, i-output characteristic curve yemodyuli ayikwazi ukubona i-step curve, kodwa i-short-circuit current kufuneka ibe ncinci kune-module eqhelekileyo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kukho i-hot spot phenomenon.
