Makina odziyimira pawokha a PV a dzuwa, omwe amadziwikanso kuti makina osakhala ndi gridi, ndi makina odziyimira pawokha opanga magetsi omwe adapangidwira makamaka madera akutali omwe alibe mwayi wopeza gridi. Makinawa cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa mavuto amagetsi m'madera omwe alibe gridi. Kudalirika kwawo kumakhudzidwa ndi nyengo, kufunikira kwa katundu, ndi zina. Kuti apititse patsogolo kukhazikika, zida zosungira ndi kuyang'anira mphamvu nthawi zambiri zimawonjezedwa.
Kugawa kwa Makina Odziyimira Pawokha a PV a Dzuwa
Makina odziyimira pawokha a PV amapangidwa makamaka ndi ma solar panels, ma controller, ndi mabatire. Pa AC loads, inverter imafunikanso. Makina awa akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: DC solar PV systems ndi AC solar PV systems.
1. Makina a DC Solar PV
(1) Makina a DC Solar PV Opanda Mabatire
Makina awa amapereka mphamvu ku DC loads masana pamene kuwala kwa dzuwa kulipo. Ma solar panels amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ku loads, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale kufunikira kwa owongolera kapena kusungira mphamvu. Kukhazikitsa kumeneku kumathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa popewa kutayika pakutembenuza ndi kusunga mphamvu. Ntchito yodziwika bwino ndi mapampu amadzi oyendetsedwa ndi dzuwa.
(2) Makina a DC Solar PV Okhala ndi Mabatire
Machitidwewa akuphatikizapo ma solar panel, ma charge controller, mabatire, ndi ma DC load. Nthawi yadzuwa, ma solar panel amapereka mphamvu ku katunduyo ndikuchaja mabatire nthawi imodzi. Usiku kapena nthawi yamvula yamvula, mabatire amapereka mphamvu ku katunduyo. Mapulogalamuwa amayambira pa minda yaying'ono ya dzuwa ndi magetsi a pabwalo mpaka mayankho akuluakulu a malo olumikizirana akutali, malo olumikizirana ma microwave, ndi magetsi akumidzi. Machitidwe akuluakulu amafuna ma solar panel arrays ndi ma battery bank.
2. Makina a AC Solar PV
(1) Makina a AC ndi Hybrid Solar PV
Poyerekeza ndi machitidwe a DC, machitidwe a AC amaphatikiza inverter kuti asinthe DC kukhala mphamvu ya AC, yoyenera kunyamula katundu wa AC. Machitidwe osakanikirana amatha kupereka mphamvu ku katundu wa AC ndi DC, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zisinthe mosavuta.
(2) Makina a Solar PV Owonjezera pa Grid
Makina amenewa amadalira kwambiri mphamvu ya dzuwa popanga magetsi, ndipo gridi ndi gwero lowonjezera. Ma solar panels ndi mabatire amatha kuchepetsedwa kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino ndalama, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa masiku a dzuwa ndi mphamvu ya gridi nthawi yamvula. Njira yosakanikirana iyi imachepetsa ndalama zoyambira zogulira ndalama pomwe ikuchepetsa mphamvu ndi mpweya woipa. Ndi njira yothandiza yosinthira kugwiritsa ntchito PV ya dzuwa m'madera omwe ali ndi masiku opitilira awiri pa atatu a dzuwa pachaka.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makina Odziyimira Pawokha a PV a Dzuwa
Malo opangira magetsi a dzuwa okha, omwe amadziwikanso kuti malo opangira magetsi a dzuwa okhaokha, ndi abwino kwambiri m'midzi yakutali, zilumba, ndi madera ena omwe alibe magetsi okhala ndi kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa komanso ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri. Makinawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu kuyambira ma kilowatts angapo mpaka ma kilowatts makumi ambiri. Amapangidwa ndi ma solar panel arrays, mabatire, ma inverters, machitidwe oyang'anira mphamvu, ndi ma network ogawa magetsi.
Dongosololi limachaja mabatire masana pomwe limapereka mphamvu ku mapampu amadzi ndi zida zokonzera zinthu monga kusungira madzi ndi kupanga. Usiku, mabatire amatulutsa mphamvu kudzera mu inverter kuti akwaniritse zosowa za katundu. Kusamalira bwino mabatire ndikofunikira, makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito usiku kapena katundu woyendetsedwa ndi injini womwe umagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.
Makina odziyimira pawokha a PV a dzuwa ndi njira yothandiza komanso yokhazikika yothetsera kusowa kwa magetsi m'malo omwe si amagetsi, kusonyeza kusinthasintha kwawo komanso kuthekera kwawo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
