Izinhlelo ze-PV zelanga ezizimele, ezaziwa nangokuthi izinhlelo ze-off-grid, ziyizinhlelo ezizimele zokuphehla ugesi ezenzelwe ikakhulukazi izindawo ezikude ezingenayo i-grid. Lezi zinhlelo zihlose ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuphakelwa kukagesi ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwe-grid. Ukuthembeka kwazo kuthonywa yizimo zezulu, izidingo zomthwalo, nezinye izici. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza, imishini yokugcina amandla kanye nokuphatha ivame ukungezwa.
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezinhlelo Ze-PV Zelanga Ezizimele
Izinhlelo ze-solar PV ezizimele zakhiwe ikakhulukazi ngamaphaneli elanga, abalawuli, namabhethri. Ngemithwalo ye-AC, i-inverter nayo iyadingeka. Lezi zinhlelo zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: izinhlelo ze-DC solar PV kanye nezinhlelo ze-AC solar PV.
1. Izinhlelo ze-DC Solar PV
(1) Izinhlelo ze-DC Solar PV Ezingenamabhethri
Lezi zinhlelo zinika amandla imithwalo ye-DC ngqo emini lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kutholakala. Amaphaneli elanga axhunywe ngqo emithwalweni, okususa isidingo sabalawuli noma isitoreji samandla. Lokhu kusethwa kuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga ngokugwema ukulahlekelwa ekuguqulweni nasekugcinweni kwamandla. Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile amaphampu amanzi asebenza ngamandla elanga.
(2) Izinhlelo ze-DC Solar PV ezinamabhethri
Lezi zinhlelo zifaka amaphaneli elanga, abalawuli beshaja, amabhethri, kanye nemithwalo ye-DC. Ngezikhathi zelanga, amaphaneli elanga ahlinzeka ngamandla emithwalweni futhi ashaje amabhethri ngasikhathi sinye. Ebusuku noma ngesikhathi sezulu esinamafu, amabhethri ahlinzeka ngamandla emithwalweni. Izicelo zisukela ezibanini zelanga ezincane kanye nezibani zasegcekeni kuya ezixazululweni ezinkulu zeziteshi zezokuxhumana ezikude, iziteshi ze-microwave relay, kanye nogesi wasemakhaya. Izinhlelo ezinkulu zidinga ama-array amaphaneli elanga kanye namabhange ebhethri.
2. Izinhlelo ze-AC Solar PV
(1) Izinhlelo ze-AC kanye ne-Hybrid Solar PV
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ze-DC, izinhlelo ze-AC zifaka i-inverter ukuguqula i-DC ibe amandla e-AC, afanelekela imithwalo ye-AC. Izinhlelo ze-Hybrid zinganikeza amandla kokubili imithwalo ye-AC ne-DC, okuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka.
(2) Izinhlelo ze-PV zelanga ezifakwe kugridi
Lezi zinhlelo zithembele kakhulu emandleni elanga ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi, kanti igridi ingumthombo owengeziwe. Amaphaneli elanga namabhethri angancishiswa ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle izindleko, kusetshenziswa ugesi welanga ezinsukwini ezinelanga kanye nogesi wegridi ngesikhathi sezimo eziguqubele. Le ndlela ehlanganisiwe inciphisa izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala ngenkathi kufezwa ukonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya. Kuyisisombululo esisebenzayo sokushintshashintsha sokusetshenziswa kwe-PV yelanga ezindaweni ezinezinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu ezinelanga minyaka yonke.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinhlelo Ze-PV Zelanga Ezizimele
Iziteshi zamandla elanga ezizimele, ezaziwa nangokuthi iziteshi zamandla elanga ezizimele, zilungele amadolobhana akude, iziqhingi, nezinye izindawo ezingaphandle kwegridi ezinokukhanya kwelanga okwanele kanye nesidingo sabasebenzisi abagxile kakhulu. Lezi zinhlelo ngokuvamile zisukela kuma-kilowatts amaningana kuya kwamashumi ama-kilowatts ngomthamo. Ziqukethe ama-arrays ephaneli yelanga, amabhethri, ama-inverter, izinhlelo zokuphatha amandla, kanye namanethiwekhi okusabalalisa amandla.
Uhlelo lushaja amabhethri emini ngenkathi luhlinzeka ngamandla kumaphampu amanzi kanye nemishini yokucubungula imisebenzi efana nokugcina amanzi kanye nokukhiqiza. Ebusuku, amabhethri akhipha amandla nge-inverter ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zomthwalo. Ukuphathwa kahle kwebhethri kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni ebusuku noma emithwalweni eqhutshwa yinjini esebenzisa amandla amaningi.
Izinhlelo ze-solar PV ezizimele ziyisisombululo esisebenzayo nesiqhubekayo sokubhekana nokuntuleka kukagesi ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwegridi, okubonisa ukuguquguquka kwazo kanye nekhono lazo lokusetshenziswa kabanzi.
