Sisitemu za PV zikoresha imirasire y'izuba, zizwi kandi nka sisitemu zikoresha imirasire y'izuba, ni sisitemu zigenga zitanga amashanyarazi zagenewe ahanini uturere twa kure tudafite imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Izi sisitemu zigamije gukemura ibibazo by'amashanyarazi mu turere tudakoresha imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi. Kuba zizewe biterwa n'ikirere, uburemere bw'umutwaro, n'ibindi bintu. Kugira ngo hongerwe umutekano, ibikoresho byo kubika no gucunga ingufu bikunze kongerwamo.
Ubwoko bwa sisitemu za PV zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zigenga
Sisitemu za PV zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zigizwe ahanini n'ibice by'izuba, ibikoresho bigenzura imirasire y'izuba, na bateri. Ku mitwaro ya AC, inverter nayo irakenewe. Izi sisitemu zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bibiri by'ingenzi: sisitemu za PV zikoresha imirasire y'izuba za DC na sisitemu za PV zikoresha imirasire y'izuba za AC.
1. Sisitemu za DC za PV zikoresha imirasire y'izuba
(1) Sisitemu za DC za PV zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zitagira batiri
Izi sisitemu zitanga ingufu ku mikorere ya DC ku manywa iyo izuba ribonetse. Imbuga z'izuba zihujwe neza n'imizigo, bigatuma hatabaho gukoresha ibikoresho bigenzura cyangwa kubika ingufu. Iyi gahunda yo kunoza ikoreshwa ry'ingufu z'izuba mu kwirinda igihombo mu guhindura no kubika ingufu. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha ni pompe z'amazi zikoresha imirasire y'izuba.
(2) Sisitemu za DC za PV zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zifite bateri
Izi sisitemu zirimo imirasire y'izuba, ibikoresho bigenzura umuriro, bateri, n'imizigo ya DC. Mu gihe cy'izuba, imirasire y'izuba itanga ingufu ku mizigo kandi igatanga umuriro icyarimwe. Mu ijoro cyangwa mu gihe cy'izuba rikabije, bateri zitanga umuriro ku mizigo. Ikoreshwa riva ku busitani buto bw'izuba n'amatara yo mu gikari kugeza ku bisubizo binini bya sitasiyo z'itumanaho za kure, sitasiyo za mikoroonde, n'amashanyarazi yo mu cyaro. Sisitemu nini zikenera imirasire y'izuba n'amabati.
2. Sisitemu za AC za PV z'izuba
(1) Sisitemu za AC na Hybrid Solar PV
Ugereranyije na sisitemu za DC, sisitemu za AC zikoresha inverter kugira ngo zihindure DC mo ingufu za AC, zikwiriye imizigo ya AC. Sisitemu za Hybrid zishobora gutanga ingufu ku mizigo ya AC na DC, bikongera ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye.
(2) Sisitemu za PV z'izuba zongewemo urusobe rw'amazi
Izi sisitemu zishingiye ahanini ku ngufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu gutanga amashanyarazi, aho amashanyarazi ari isoko y'inyongera. Ibyuma bikoresha imirasire y'izuba na bateri bishobora kugabanywa kugira ngo bikoreshe neza ikiguzi, hakoreshejwe ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu minsi y'izuba n'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu gihe cy'izuba rikabije. Ubu buryo buvanze bugabanya ikiguzi cy'ishoramari mu gihe cyo kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ni igisubizo cy'inzibacyuho cyiza cyo gukoresha PV y'izuba mu turere dufite iminsi irenga bibiri bya gatatu by'izuba buri mwaka.
Imikoreshereze ya sisitemu za PV zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zigenga
Ingufu zikoresha imirasire y'izuba zigenga, zizwi kandi nka sitasiyo z'ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zitaragera ku zindi, ni nziza cyane ku midugudu, ku birwa, no mu tundi duce tutarimo imirasire y'izuba dufite urumuri ruhagije n'abakoresha benshi bakeneye. Izi sisitemu ubusanzwe zifite ubushobozi bwo kuva kuri kilowati nyinshi kugeza kuri kilowati icumi. Zigizwe n'imashini zikoresha imirasire y'izuba, bateri, inverters, sisitemu zo gucunga ingufu, n'imiyoboro ikwirakwiza ingufu.
Iyi sisitemu ishyira ingufu kuri batiri ku manywa mu gihe itanga ingufu ku mapompo y'amazi n'ibikoresho byo gutunganya amazi mu bikorwa nko kubika no gukora amazi. Mu ijoro, batiri zisohora ingufu binyuze muri inverter kugira ngo zihuze n'ibikenewe mu gutwara. Gucunga neza batiri ni ingenzi cyane, cyane cyane iyo ikoreshwa nijoro cyangwa iyo itwarwa na moteri ikoresha ingufu nyinshi.
Sisitemu za PV zikoresha imirasire y'izuba ni igisubizo gifatika kandi kirambye cyo gukemura ikibazo cy'ibura ry'amashanyarazi mu turere tudakoresha amashanyarazi, bigaragaza uburyo zikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye kandi zishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwagutse.
