Iinkqubo ze-PV zelanga ezizimeleyo, ezaziwa ngokuba ziinkqubo ze-off-grid, ziinkqubo ezizimeleyo zokuvelisa umbane ezenzelwe ikakhulu iindawo ezikude ezingenayo i-grid. Ezi nkqubo zijolise ekusombululeni imiba yokunikezelwa kombane kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwe-grid. Ukuthembeka kwazo kuphenjelelwa ziimeko zemozulu, iimfuno zomthwalo, kunye nezinye izinto. Ukuphucula uzinzo, izixhobo zokugcina amandla kunye nolawulo zihlala zongezwa.
Ulwahlulo lweeNkqubo zePV zeSolar eziZimeleyo
Iinkqubo ze-PV zelanga ezizimeleyo zenziwe ikakhulu ziiphaneli zelanga, abalawuli, kunye neebhetri. Kwimithwalo ye-AC, kufuneka ne-inverter. Ezi nkqubo zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: iinkqubo ze-DC zelanga ze-PV kunye neenkqubo ze-AC zelanga ze-PV.
1. Iinkqubo ze-DC Solar PV
(1) Iinkqubo ze-DC Solar PV ezingenazo iibhetri
Ezi nkqubo zinika amandla imithwalo ye-DC ngqo emini xa kukho ukukhanya kwelanga. Iiphaneli zelanga ziqhagamshelwe ngqo kwimithwalo, nto leyo esusa imfuneko yabalawuli okanye ukugcinwa kwamandla. Olu seto luphucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga ngokuthintela ukulahleka kokuguqulwa kwamandla kunye nokugcinwa kwawo. Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo ziipompo zamanzi ezisebenza ngamandla elanga.
(2) Iinkqubo ze-DC Solar PV ezineebhetri
Ezi nkqubo ziquka iiphaneli zelanga, abalawuli betshaja, iibhetri, kunye nemithwalo yeDC. Ngexesha lelanga, iiphaneli zelanga zibonelela ngamandla kwimithwalo kwaye zitshaja iibhetri ngaxeshanye. Ebusuku okanye ngexesha lemozulu egubungeleyo, iibhetri zibonelela ngamandla kwimithwalo. Izicelo ziqala kwizibane zelanga ezincinci kunye nezibane zentendelezo ukuya kwizisombululo ezinkulu zezikhululo zonxibelelwano ezikude, izikhululo ze-microwave relay, kunye nombane wasemaphandleni. Iinkqubo ezinkulu zifuna ii-arrays zephaneli zelanga kunye neebhanki zebhetri.
2. Iinkqubo ze-AC Solar PV
(1) Iinkqubo ze-AC kunye ne-Hybrid Solar PV
Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zeDC, iinkqubo zeAC zifaka i-inverter ukuguqula iDC ibe ngamandla e-AC, efanelekileyo kwimithwalo ye-AC. Iinkqubo zeHybrid zinokubonelela ngombane kwimithwalo ye-AC kunye ne-DC, nto leyo ephucula ukuguquguquka.
(2) Iinkqubo ze-PV zelanga ezongezelelwe kwiGrid
Ezi nkqubo zixhomekeke kakhulu kumandla elanga ukuvelisa umbane, kunye negridi njengomthombo owongezelelweyo. Iiphaneli zelanga kunye neebhetri zinokuncitshiswa ukuze kusetyenziswe kakuhle iindleko, kusetyenziswa amandla elanga ngeentsuku ezinelanga kunye namandla egridi ngexesha leemeko ezisibekeleyo. Le ndlela yokudibanisa inciphisa iindleko zokuqala zotyalo-mali ngelixa ifezekisa ukonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya. Sisisombululo esisebenzayo sotshintsho sokwamkelwa kwe-PV yelanga kwimimandla eneentsuku ezingaphezu kwesibini kwisithathu zelanga ngonyaka.
Ukusetyenziswa kweeNkqubo zePV zeSolar eziZimeleyo
Izitishi zamandla elanga ezizimeleyo, ezaziwa ngokuba zizitishi zamandla elanga ezizimeleyo, zilungele iilali ezikude, iziqithi, kunye nezinye iindawo ezingaphandle kwegridi ezinelanga elaneleyo kunye nemfuno yabasebenzisi abagxile kakhulu. Ezi nkqubo zihlala ziqala kwiikilowatts ezininzi ukuya kwishumi leekilowatts ezinomthamo. Ziquka ii-arrays zephaneli yelanga, iibhetri, ii-inverters, iinkqubo zolawulo lwamandla, kunye neenethiwekhi zokusasazwa kwamandla.
Le nkqubo itshaja iibhetri emini ngelixa inika umbane kwiimpompo zamanzi nakwizixhobo zokucubungula imisebenzi efana nokugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokuveliswa kwawo. Ebusuku, iibhetri zikhupha amandla nge-inverter ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zomthwalo. Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwebhetri lubalulekile, ingakumbi xa kusetyenziswa ebusuku okanye xa kusetyenziswa imithwalo eqhutywa yimoto esebenzisa amandla amaninzi.
Iinkqubo ze-PV zelanga ezizimeleyo zisisombululo esisebenzayo nesizinzileyo sokujongana nokunqongophala kombane kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwegridi, zibonisa ukuguquguquka kwazo kunye namandla okusetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
