1. Chidule cha Ukadaulo wa Half-Cell
Ukadaulo wa theka la maselo umaphatikizapo kugawa maselo okhazikika a dzuwa m'magawo awiri ofanana. Mosiyana ndi mapanelo achikhalidwe a dzuwa okhala ndi maselo 60 kapena 72 akuluakulu, mapanelo a theka la maselo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi maselo 120 kapena 144 a theka pomwe amasunga kapangidwe ndi miyeso yofanana ndi mapanelo wamba.
2. Njira Yodulira Hafu ya Maselo
Njira yopangira theka la maselo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito kudula kwa laser, kugawa selo la dzuwa lofanana m'magawo awiri ofanana motsatira njira yolunjika ku mabasi akuluakulu. Magawo awa amalumikizidwanso motsatizana kuti apange dera lonse.
3. Makhalidwe a Magetsi a Hafu ya Maselo
Mapanelo a theka la maselo amaphimbidwa ndi galasi lofewa, EVA, ndi pepala losungira kumbuyo, mofanana ndi ma module achikhalidwe.
Gulu lamagetsi lamagetsi lamagetsi limakhala ndi maselo 60 olumikizidwa motsatizana, chilichonse chimapanga 0.5–0.6V, ndi mphamvu yonse yogwirira ntchito ya 30–35V.
Maselo a theka akalumikizidwa monga momwe zilili mu module yokhazikika, amapanga theka la mphamvu yamagetsi ndikuwirikiza kawiri mphamvu yamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukana kukhale kosalekeza.
Kuti agwirizane ndi mphamvu ya magetsi ndi mphamvu ya magetsi ya mapanelo achikhalidwe, mapanelo a theka la selo amapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, kuphatikiza bwino ma sub-module awiri ang'onoang'ono motsatizana. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti:
Selo iliyonse ya theka ili ndi mphamvu yotseguka yofanana ndi ya selo yonse.
Mphamvu ya selo lililonse la theka imachepetsedwa pakati, koma kapangidwe kofananako kamabwezeretsa mphamvu yonse kuti igwirizane ndi ma module a selo lonse.
Kukana konse kwa dera kumachepetsedwa kufika pa kotala la gawo la maselo onse, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kutayika kwa mphamvu.
4. Ubwino wa Ukadaulo wa Half-Cell
① Kutayika Kochepa kwa Mapaketi
Mwa kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamkati ndi kukana kwa magetsi, kutayika kwa mphamvu yamkati kumachepa. Kutayika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumafanana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, kotero kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi theka ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yapakati pa kotala kumachepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu ndi kanayi. Izi zimawonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya gululo.
Kuchepa kwa kutayika kwa mkati kumachepetsanso kutentha kwa gululo. Pansi pa mikhalidwe yakunja, mapanelo a theka la selo amagwira ntchito yoziziritsa pafupifupi 1.6°C kuposa mapanelo wamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusintha kugwire bwino ntchito.
② Kuchepetsa Chiwopsezo cha Malo Otentha Ochokera ku Mthunzi
Mapanelo a theka la maselo amagwira bwino ntchito yokongoletsa mthunzi kuposa ma module wamba
Mosiyana ndi mapanelo achikhalidwe okhala ndi zingwe zitatu za selo, mapanelo a theka la selo ali ndi asanu ndi limodzi, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati ma module ang'onoang'ono asanu ndi limodzi.
Ma diode odutsa (olembedwa ndi zofiira pachithunzichi) amalekanitsa madera omwe ali ndi mthunzi kuchokera ku gulu lonselo, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa magwiridwe antchito chifukwa cha mthunzi pang'ono (monga, kuchokera ku masamba kapena ndowe za mbalame).
Ngakhale theka la gululo litaphimbidwa ndi mthunzi, theka linalo likhoza kupitiriza kugwira ntchito, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti likugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.
③ Mphamvu Yotsika Imachepetsa Kutentha kwa Malo Otentha
Ukadaulo wa theka la maselo umagawa mphamvu yamagetsi bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito igwire bwino ntchito, moyo wake ukhale wautali, komanso kuti munthu azitha kupirira mthunzi.
Pakakhala mthunzi, maselo okhudzidwa amatha kupanga malo otentha chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri komwe kumachitika pamalopo.
Mapanelo a theka la selo, okhala ndi zingwe zowirikiza kawiri, amakumana ndi theka lokha la kutentha komwe kumachitika pamalo otentha. Izi zimachepetsa kuwonongeka, zimawonjezera kulimba, komanso zimawonjezera nthawi ya moyo wa module.
④ Kulekerera Kwambiri kwa Mithunzi pa Kutaya Mphamvu
Mu gulu la dzuwa, mapanelo angapo amalumikizidwa motsatizana mkati mwa chingwe, ndipo zingwe zimalumikizidwa motsatizana.
Mu mapangidwe achikhalidwe a panel, kutayika kwa mphamvu mu panel imodzi yokhala ndi mthunzi kumakhudza chingwe chonse.
Mu mapanelo a theka la maselo, ma diode odutsa amapanga njira zina zogwiritsira ntchito magetsi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti aziyenda mozungulira madera omwe ali ndi mthunzi ndikuchepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu. Izi zimathandizira magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa mthunzi.
Ma solar panels a theka la maselo akuyimira kupita patsogolo kwakukulu muukadaulo wa dzuwa, kuphatikiza magwiridwe antchito abwino, kulimba, komanso kukana mthunzi. Kapangidwe kawo kapamwamba kamatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito odalirika ngakhale pamikhalidwe yovuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri pamakina amakono a photovoltaic.
