Poganizira za chitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso chitukuko chokhazikika padziko lonse lapansi, ukadaulo wa photovoltaic (PV), monga gawo lofunikira la mphamvu zobiriwira, ukubweretsa mwayi wotukuka womwe sunachitikepo. Poyang'ana mtsogolo, ukadaulo wa PV udzawonetsa zochitika zodabwitsa zachitukuko m'mbali zambiri, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kwambiri kusintha ndi kukweza mphamvu zamagetsi.
Choyamba, kupanga zinthu zatsopano ndi chitukuko cha zipangizo za photovoltaic
1. Kutuluka kwa zipangizo zatsopano:Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ya zinthu, zinthu zatsopano za photovoltaic zikupitirira kuonekera. Kuwonjezera pa zinthu za chalcogenide zomwe zatchulidwa kale, zinthu za organic - inorganic hybrid, zinthu za quantum dot, ndi zina zotero zawonetsanso ubwino wapadera wa magwiridwe antchito. Zinthu zatsopanozi zili ndi mphamvu zambiri zosinthira photovoltaic, mtengo wotsika komanso kusinthasintha bwino komanso kusinthika, ndipo zikuyembekezeka kukhala zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa ukadaulo wa photovoltaic mtsogolo.
2. Kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a zinthu:Ofufuza apitiliza kugwira ntchito kuti akonze bwino magwiridwe antchito a zinthu zomwe zilipo za photovoltaic, mwa kukonza bwino njira yokonzekera zinthuzo, kukonza kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka zinthuzo ndi njira zina zopititsira patsogolo kusinthika bwino komanso kukhazikika kwa maselo a photovoltaic. Mwachitsanzo, mwa kukonza bwino chithandizo cha pamwamba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a silicon, zitha kukonza bwino magwiridwe antchito a maselo a solar okhala ndi silicon ndikuchepetsa ndalama zopangira.
Chachiwiri, kukonza kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka maselo a photovoltaic
1. Kapangidwe ka kapangidwe ka zinthu zazing'ono:Kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka nanostructure ndi njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri yowonjezerera magwiridwe antchito a maselo a photovoltaic. Mwa kumanga mapangidwe a nanoscale pamwamba pa maselo a PV, monga nanowaya, nanopores, nanoparticles, ndi zina zotero, zitha kuwonjezera bwino malo oyamwa kuwala ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwala, kukonza bwino kugwira kuwala, motero kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito a maselo a PV.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka kuwala kogwidwa:Kapangidwe ka kuwala kogwidwa kangapangitse kuwala kukhala nthawi yayitali mkati mwa selo ya photovoltaic kudzera mu kuwunikira ndi kufalikira kambirimbiri, kuwonjezera kuyanjana pakati pa kuwala ndi zinthu, ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa kuwala. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka piramidi yozungulira, magalasi a Bragg ndi mapangidwe ena a msampha, kungathandize kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a maselo a photovoltaic.
3. Kupanga batire yokhala ndi malo olumikizirana ambiri:Batire yokhala ndi malo olumikizirana ambiri pophatikiza zinthu ndi mipata yosiyana yoletsedwa, imatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mafunde osiyanasiyana a dzuwa, kuti ikwaniritse kusintha kwamphamvu kwa photoelectric. M'tsogolomu, mabatire okhala ndi malo olumikizirana ambiri adzakula motsatira njira yogwirira ntchito bwino komanso yotsika mtengo, ndipo adzakhala imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zopititsira patsogolo ukadaulo wa photovoltaic.
Chachitatu, Kuphatikizika kwa Dongosolo la Photovoltaic ndi Luntha
1. Kuphatikiza kwa mphamvu:Maselo a PV amalumikizidwa ndi machitidwe ena amphamvu, monga mphamvu ya mphepo, malo osungira mphamvu, mphamvu ya biomass, ndi zina zotero, kuti apange dongosolo lamphamvu lophatikizana lamphamvu zambiri, lomwe lingathe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso kupereka mphamvu mokhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo lophatikiza PV - storage lingathe kusunga mphamvu yochulukirapo pamene kupanga mphamvu ya PV kuli kokwanira, ndikutulutsa mphamvu yosungidwa pamene kupanga mphamvu ya PV sikukwanira, kuti zitsimikizire kuti magetsi akupitilirabe komanso kukhazikika.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wanzeru:Mothandizidwa ndi ukadaulo wanzeru monga Internet of Things, kusanthula deta yayikulu ndi luntha lochita kupanga, kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni, kuzindikira zolakwika, kukonza nthawi yoyenera komanso kuwongolera mwanzeru makina a PV zitha kuchitika. Kudzera mu kasamalidwe kanzeru, zitha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndi kudalirika kwa makina a PV, kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza, ndikuwonjezera luso la ogwiritsa ntchito.
3. Kupanga ma microgrid:Monga njira yaying'ono yogawa mphamvu, microgrid imatha kuphatikiza PV, mphamvu ya mphepo, malo osungira mphamvu ndi magwero ena a mphamvu, ndikukwaniritsa kulumikizana ndi magwiridwe antchito ogwirizana ndi ma gridi akuluakulu amagetsi. M'tsogolomu, microgrid idzachita gawo lofunikira pakukula kwa mphamvu yogawa, kupanga intaneti yamagetsi, ndi zina zotero, kuti ipatse ogwiritsa ntchito ntchito zamagetsi zosinthasintha komanso zodalirika.
Chachinayi, kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa ukadaulo wa photovoltaic m'munda wa zomangamanga
1. Kutchuka kwa nyumba zomangidwa ndi photovoltaic yolumikizidwa (BIPV):Kumanga ukadaulo wophatikizana wa photovoltaic ndi kuphatikiza ukadaulo wa photovoltaic ndi nyumba, kuti nyumbayo isakwaniritse ntchito yogona ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso ikhale gawo lopangira magetsi, kuzindikira kudzipangira yokha komanso kudzikwanira kwa mphamvu ya nyumbayo. M'tsogolomu, ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wa photovoltaic ndi kuchepetsa ndalama, BIPV idzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yomanga, ndikukhala njira yofunika kwambiri yosungira mphamvu zomanga komanso chitukuko cha nyumba zobiriwira.
2. Kuphatikiza kukongola kwa nyumba ndi ukadaulo wa photovoltaic:Pofuna kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera pa ntchito yomanga, anthu akufunanso kukongoletsa nyumba zawo. Nyumba za PV zamtsogolo zidzayang'ana kwambiri kapangidwe kake, kudzera mu kapangidwe katsopano ka ma module a PV ndi njira zoyikira, kupanga mawonekedwe a PV ndi nyumba kukhala ogwirizana bwino, kuzindikira mgwirizano wachilengedwe wa ntchito ya nyumba ndi kukongola kwake.
3. Kukwezedwa kwa miyezo yoteteza chilengedwe:Popeza lingaliro la nyumba zobiriwira lafalikira, mayiko apanga ndikuwongolera miyezo ya nyumba zobiriwira komanso njira zowunikira. Ukadaulo wa photovoltaic, monga gawo lofunikira la nyumba zobiriwira, udzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndikupangidwa motsatira kukwezedwa kwa miyezo ya nyumba zobiriwira.
Chachisanu, kukulitsa ndi kugwirizana kwa ukadaulo wa photovoltaic padziko lonse lapansi
1. Kulimbitsa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse:Kupititsa patsogolo ukadaulo wa PV kumafuna mgwirizano wa ofufuza, mabizinesi ndi maboma padziko lonse lapansi. Mtsogolomu, mayiko adzalimbitsa mgwirizano ndi kusinthana mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa PV, chitukuko cha mafakitale, kupanga mfundo, ndi zina zotero, kugawana zotsatira za kafukufuku ndi luso laukadaulo, ndikulimbikitsa limodzi kupita patsogolo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa PV.
2. Kufalikira kwa Msika Padziko Lonse ndi Kukula kwa Msika:Ndi kukhwima kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wa PV komanso kuchepetsa ndalama, mpikisano pamsika wopanga magetsi a PV udzapitirirabe kukwera. M'tsogolomu, msika wa PV udzakulirakulira padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka m'maiko osatukuka, kupanga magetsi a PV kudzakhala njira yofunika kwambiri yothetsera mavuto a kusowa kwa mphamvu ndi kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe.
3. Thandizo ndi chitsogozo cha mfundo:Maboma apitiliza kuwonjezera chithandizo cha mfundo za makampani opanga ma PV, ndikulimbikitsa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa ma PV kudzera mukupanga mfundo zothandizira, zolimbikitsa misonkho, mitengo yolowera, ndi zina zotero, kuti apange malo abwino oyendetsera mfundo za chitukuko cha makampani opanga ma PV.
Mwachidule, ukadaulo wa photovoltaic, monga ukadaulo wa mphamvu zoyera komanso zongowonjezwdwa, uli ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha chitukuko mtsogolo. Kudzera mu zatsopano ndi chitukuko chopitilira mu zipangizo za PV, kapangidwe ka batri, kuphatikiza machitidwe, kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba ndi kulimbikitsa kufalikira kwa dziko lonse lapansi, ukadaulo wa PV udzakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakusintha kapangidwe ka mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, ndikupereka gawo lalikulu pakukula kokhazikika kwa anthu.
