Naphezu kokwanda kokunaka komhlaba wonke ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye nentuthuko esimeme, ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic (PV), njengengxenye ebalulekile yamandla aluhlaza, buletha amathuba entuthuko angakaze abonwe. Uma sibheka ikusasa, ubuchwepheshe be-PV buzobonisa izitayela zentuthuko eziphawulekayo ezicini eziningi, bufaka ugqozi oluqinile lokuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwensimu yamandla.
Okokuqala, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ze-photovoltaic
1. Ukuvela kwezinto ezintsha:Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi yezinto zokwakha, izinto ezintsha ze-photovoltaic ziyaqhubeka nokuvela. Ngaphezu kwezinto ze-chalcogenide okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili, izinto ze-organic - inorganic hybrid, izinto ze-quantum dot, njll. nazo zibonise izinzuzo zokusebenza ezihlukile. Lezi zinto ezintsha zinokusebenza okuphezulu kokuguqulwa kwe-photovoltaic, izindleko eziphansi kanye nokuguquguquka okungcono kanye nokucutshungulwa, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi zibe yizinto eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwezinto ezibonakalayo:Abacwaningi bazoqhubeka nokusebenza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinto ezikhona ze-photovoltaic, ngokwenza ngcono inqubo yokulungiselela izinto, ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo nokwakheka kwezinto kanye nezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kanye nokuzinza kwamaseli e-photovoltaic. Isibonelo, ngokwenza ngcono ukwelashwa kwendawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-doping kwezinto ze-silicon, kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza kwamaseli elanga asekelwe ku-silicon futhi kunciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Okwesibili, ukwenziwa ngcono kwesakhiwo kanye nomklamo weseli le-photovoltaic
1. Umklamo wesakhiwo esincane:Ukusetshenziswa komklamo wesakhiwo se-nano kungenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamaseli e-photovoltaic. Ngokwakha izakhiwo ze-nanoscale ebusweni bamaseli e-PV, njengezintambo ze-nano, ama-nanopores, ama-nanoparticles, njll., kungakhuphula ngempumelelo indawo yokumunca ukukhanya kanye nobubanzi bokukhanya, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokubamba ukukhanya, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamaseli e-PV.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo sokukhanya okuvalelekile:Isakhiwo sokukhanya okubambekile singenza ukukhanya kuhlale isikhathi eside ngaphakathi kweseli le-photovoltaic ngokuzindla okuningi nokuhlakazeka, kwandise ukusebenzisana phakathi kokukhanya nezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo sephiramidi esiguquliwe, izibuko zeBragg kanye nezinye izakhiwo ze-trap, kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwamaseli e-photovoltaic.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa kwebhethri elinama-multi-junction:Ibhethri elihlanganisa ama-multi-junction ngokuhlanganisa izinto ezinobubanzi obuhlukene bebhendi obungavunyelwe, lingasebenzisa ngokugcwele amaza ahlukahlukene okukhanya kwelanga, ukuze lifinyelele ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric. Esikhathini esizayo, amabhethri ahlanganisa ama-multi-junction azothuthuka ngendlela esebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi, futhi abe ngenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic.
Okwesithathu, Ukuhlanganiswa Kwesistimu ye-photovoltaic kanye Nokuhlakanipha
1. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zamandla:Amaseli e-PV ahlanganiswe nezinye izinhlelo zamandla, njengamandla omoya, isitoreji samandla, amandla e-biomass, njll., ukwakha uhlelo lwamandla oluhlanganisiwe oluhlanganisa amandla amaningi, olungafeza ukusetshenziswa kahle kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile. Isibonelo, uhlelo lokuhlanganisa isitoreji se-PV lungagcina amandla amaningi uma ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-PV kwanele, futhi lukhulule amandla agciniwe uma ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-PV kunganele, ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokuzinza kokunikezwa kwamandla.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile:Ngosizo lobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile njenge-Internet of Things, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuxilongwa kwamaphutha, ukuhlela okuhle kanye nokulawula okuhlakaniphile kohlelo lwe-PV kungatholakala. Ngokuphathwa okuhlakaniphile, kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuthembeka kwezinhlelo ze-PV, kunciphise izindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa, futhi kuthuthukise ulwazi lomsebenzisi.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa kwegridi encane:Njengesistimu encane yamandla esatshalaliswayo, i-microgrid ingahlanganisa i-PV, amandla omoya, isitoreji samandla kanye neminye imithombo yamandla, futhi ifeze ukuxhumana nokusebenza okuhlelekile namagridi amakhulu kagesi. Esikhathini esizayo, i-microgrid izodlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla asatshalaliswayo, ukwakhiwa kwe-inthanethi yamandla, njll., ukuhlinzeka abasebenzisi ngezinsizakalo zamandla eziguquguqukayo nezithembekile.
Okwesine, ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic emkhakheni wokwakha
1. Ukwanda kokwakhiwa kwe-photovoltaic ehlanganisiwe (BIPV):Ukwakha ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic obuhlanganisiwe kuwukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic nesakhiwo, ukuze isakhiwo singagcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nomsebenzi wendawo yokuhlala nokusetshenziswa, kodwa futhi sibe yiyunithi yokuphehla ugesi, siqaphele ukuzikhiqizela nokwanela amandla kwesakhiwo. Esikhathini esizayo, ngentuthuko eqhubekayo yobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic kanye nokunciphisa izindleko, i-BIPV izosetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokwakha, futhi ibe yisiqondiso esibalulekile sokonga amandla kwesakhiwo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo esiluhlaza.
2. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuhle besakhiwo kanye nobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic:Ekufuneni ukwakha ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla, isidingo sabantu sokwakha ubuhle siya ngokuya sikhuphuka. Izakhiwo ze-PV zesikhathi esizayo zizonaka kakhulu ukwakheka kobuhle, ngokusebenzisa ukwakheka kwemodyuli ye-PV entsha kanye nezindlela zokufaka, zenze uhlelo lwe-PV kanye nokubukeka kwesakhiwo kube ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele, kuqaphele ubunye bezinto eziphilayo zomsebenzi wesakhiwo kanye nobuhle.
3. Ukukhuthazwa kwezindinganiso zokwakha eziluhlaza:Ngokuthandwa komqondo wesakhiwo esiluhlaza, amazwe asungule futhi athuthukise amazinga esakhiwo esiluhlaza kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola. Ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic, njengengxenye ebalulekile yesakhiwo esiluhlaza, buzosetshenziswa kabanzi futhi buthuthukiswe ngaphansi kokukhuthazwa kwezindinganiso zesakhiwo esiluhlaza.
Okwesihlanu, ukukhuthazwa nokubambisana kobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic emhlabeni jikelele
1. Ukuqinisa ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe:Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-PV kudinga imizamo ehlangene yabacwaningi, amabhizinisi kanye nohulumeni emhlabeni wonke. Esikhathini esizayo, amazwe azoqinisa ukubambisana kanye nokushintshana ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe be-PV, intuthuko yezimboni, ukwakhiwa kwenqubomgomo, njll., abelane ngemiphumela yocwaningo kanye nolwazi lobuchwepheshe, futhi akhuthaze ngokubambisana intuthuko kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-PV.
2. Ukuhwebelana Komhlaba Wonke Nokwanda Kwemakethe:Ngokuvuthwa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-PV kanye nokunciphisa izindleko, ukuncintisana kwemakethe kokukhiqizwa kukagesi we-PV kuzothuthukiswa njalo. Esikhathini esizayo, imakethe ye-PV izokhula kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi we-PV kuzoba yindlela ebalulekile yokuxazulula izinkinga zokuntuleka kwamandla kanye nokungcola kwemvelo.
3. Ukusekelwa kwenqubomgomo kanye nesiqondiso:Ohulumeni bazoqhubeka nokwandisa ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo embonini ye-PV, futhi bakhuthaze i-R&D, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-PV ngokwakhiwa kwezinqubomgomo zoxhaso, izikhuthazo zentela, amanani okungenisa, njll., ukuze kudalwe indawo enhle yenqubomgomo yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-PV.
Ngamafuphi, ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic, njengobuchwepheshe bamandla ahlanzekile futhi avuselelekayo, bunethuba elikhulu lentuthuko esikhathini esizayo. Ngokusungula izinto ezintsha nentuthuko eqhubekayo ezintweni ze-PV, isakhiwo sebhethri, ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu, ukusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo kanye nokukhuthazwa kwembulunga yonke, ubuchwepheshe be-PV buzodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuguqulweni kwesakhiwo samandla somhlaba wonke, futhi bube negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme komphakathi wesintu.
