I te mea kei te piki haere te aro o te ao ki te tiaki taiao me te whanaketanga tauwhiro, kei te whakatuwhera te hangarau photovoltaic (PV), hei wāhanga nui o te pūngao matomato, i ngā whai wāhitanga whanaketanga kāore i kitea i mua. Ki te titiro whakamua ki te heke mai, ka whakaatu te hangarau PV i ngā au whanaketanga whakamiharo i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha, ka werohia he kaha ki te whakarerekētanga me te whakapai ake i te mara pūngao.
Tuatahi, te auahatanga me te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi photovoltaic
1. Te putanga mai o ngā rauemi hou:I te tere o te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao rauemi, kei te puta tonu mai ngā rauemi photovoltaic hou. Haunga ngā rauemi chalcogenide kua whakahuatia i mua ake nei, kua whakaatuhia hoki e ngā rauemi ranu waro-kore-waro, ngā rauemi ira-kōtui, me ētahi atu ngā painga mahi ahurei. He nui ake te whai huatanga o te hurihanga photovoltaic o ēnei rauemi hou, he iti ake te utu, ā, he pai ake te ngāwari me te ngāwari o te tukatuka, ā, e tika ana kia noho hei rauemi matua mō te whanaketanga o te hangarau photovoltaic ā muri ake nei.
2. Te whakarei ake i te mahi a ngā rauemi:Ka haere tonu ngā kairangahau ki te mahi ki te whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā rauemi photovoltaic o nāianei, mā te arotau i te tukanga whakarite rauemi, te whakapai ake i te hanganga me te hanganga o te rauemi me ētahi atu huarahi hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te tahuritanga me te pumau o ngā pūtau photovoltaic. Hei tauira, mā te arotau i te maimoatanga mata me te tāpiri i ngā rauemi silicon, ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā pūtau solar e hangai ana ki te silicon me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa.
Tuarua, te arotautanga o te hanganga me te hoahoa o ngā pūtau photovoltaic
1. Te hoahoa hanganga nano:Ko te whakamahinga o te hoahoa hanganga nano tētahi o ngā huarahi nui hei whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā pūtau photovoltaic. Mā te hanga i ngā hanganga nano i runga i te mata o ngā pūtau PV, pērā i ngā waea nano, ngā pore nano, ngā matūriki nano, me ētahi atu, ka taea te whakanui ake i te horahanga mimiti mārama me te whānuitanga mārama, te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te hopu mārama, ā, nā reira ka whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o te hurihanga o ngā pūtau PV.
2. Te whakamahinga o te hanganga mārama kua mau:Mā te hanganga mārama kua mauheretia ka roa ake te noho o te mārama ki roto i te pūtau photovoltaic mā roto i ngā whakaata me te marara maha, ka whakanui ake i te taunekeneke i waenga i te mārama me te rauemi, ā, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga o te mārama. Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i te hanganga piramita hurihuri, ngā whakaata Bragg me ētahi atu hanganga mahanga, ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā pūtau photovoltaic.
3. Te whanaketanga o te pākahiko maha-hononga:Mā te whakakotahi i ngā rauemi me ngā whānuitanga rerekē o te awhi rāhui, ka taea e te pākahiko maha-hononga te whakamahi katoa i ngā roangaru rerekē o te rā, kia eke ki te pai o te huringa hiko whakaahua. I te heke mai, ka whanake ngā pākahiko maha-hononga i te huarahi o te pai ake me te utu iti iho, ā, ka noho hei tētahi o ngā huarahi whanaketanga nui o te hangarau photovoltaic.
Tuatoru, te Whakaurunga Pūnaha photovoltaic me te Matauranga
1. Te whakaurunga o te pūnaha pūngao:Ka honoa ngā pūtau PV ki ētahi atu pūnaha pūngao, pērā i te pūngao hau, te rokiroki pūngao, te pūngao koiora, me ētahi atu, hei hanga i tētahi pūnaha pūngao whakauru maha-pūngao, e taea ai te whakamahi pai me te tuku pūngao pumau. Hei tauira, ka taea e te pūnaha whakauru rokiroki PV te penapena i te hiko taikaha ina rawaka te whakaputanga hiko PV, me te tuku i te hiko kua rongoatia ina kore e ranea te whakaputanga hiko PV, hei whakarite i te haere tonu me te pumau o te tuku hiko.
2. Te whakamahinga o te hangarau atamai:Mā te āwhina o ngā hangarau atamai pēnei i te Ipurangi o ngā Mea, te tātari raraunga nui me te matauranga horihori, te aroturukitanga wā-tūturu, te tautuhi hapa, te whakaritenga pai me te whakahaere atamai o te pūnaha PV ka taea te whakatutuki. Mā te whakahaere atamai, ka taea te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakahaere me te pono o ngā pūnaha PV, te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere me te tiaki, me te whakarei ake i te wheako kaiwhakamahi.
3. Te whakawhanaketanga o te whatunga iti:Hei pūnaha hiko tohatoha iti, ka taea e te whatunga hiko iti te whakauru i ngā pūngao hiko PV, te hiko hau, te rokiroki hiko me ētahi atu puna hiko, ā, ka taea hoki te hono me te mahi tahi me ngā whatunga hiko nui. I te heke mai, ka whai wāhi nui te whatunga hiko iti ki te whakawhanake i te hiko tohatoha, te hanga Ipurangi hiko, me ētahi atu, hei whakarato i ngā ratonga hiko ngāwari ake, pono ake hoki ki ngā kaiwhakamahi.
Tuawhā, te whakaurunga hōhonu o te hangarau photovoltaic ki te ao hangahanga
1. Te rongonuitanga o te hanga whare hiko photovoltaic whakauru (BIPV):Ko te hangarau photovoltaic whakauru o te whare he whakakotahi i te hangarau photovoltaic me te whare, kia kore ai e tutuki noa te whare i te mahi noho me te whakamahinga, engari kia noho hei waeine whakaputa hiko, kia tutuki ai te whakaputa-ake me te whai-pūngao motuhake o te whare. I te heke mai, me te haere tonu o te hangarau photovoltaic me te whakaiti i ngā utu, ka nui ake te whakamahinga o te BIPV i roto i te mara o te hanganga, ā, ka noho hei huarahi nui mō te penapena pūngao o te whare me te whanaketanga o te whare matomato.
2. Te whakaurunga o te ataahua o te whare me te hangarau photovoltaic:I roto i te whai i te whai huatanga o te pūngao o ngā whare, kei te piki haere te hiahia o te tangata mō te ataahua o ngā whare. Ka nui ake te aro o ngā whare PV o āpōpō ki te hoahoa ataahua, mā te hoahoa me ngā tikanga tāutanga PV auaha, ka tino pai te whakaurunga o te pūnaha PV me te āhua o te whare, ka tutuki ai te kotahitanga waro o te mahi me te ataahua o te whare.
3. Te whakatairanga i ngā paerewa hanga whare matomato:I te rongonuitanga o te ariā whare matomato, kua whakatakotohia, kua whakapaitia hoki e ngā whenua ngā paerewa me ngā pūnaha aromatawai whare matomato. Ko te hangarau photovoltaic, hei wāhanga nui o te whare matomato, ka whānuitia te whakamahinga me te whanaketanga i raro i te whakatairanga i ngā paerewa whare matomato.
Tuarima, te whakatairanga me te mahi tahi i te hangarau photovoltaic puta noa i te ao
1. Te whakapakari i te mahi tahi ā-ao:Ko te whanaketanga o te hangarau PV me whai mahi tahi a ngā kairangahau, ngā umanga me ngā kāwanatanga puta noa i te ao. I ngā rā kei te heke mai, ka whakapakari ake ngā whenua i te mahi tahi me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i roto i te rangahau me te whanaketanga hangarau PV, te whanaketanga ahumahi, te whakatakoto kaupapa here, me ētahi atu, ka whakawhitiwhiti i ngā hua rangahau me ngā wheako hangarau, ā, ka whakatairanga tahi i te ahunga whakamua me te whakamahinga o te hangarau PV.
2. Te Ao Whānui me te Whanuitanga o te Mākete:I te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau PV me te whakaiti i ngā utu, ka piki ake te whakataetae mākete o te whakaputa hiko PV. I ngā rā kei te heke mai, ka whānui haere te mākete PV puta noa i te ao, inā koa i ngā whenua whakawhanake, ka noho te whakaputa hiko PV hei huarahi nui ki te whakaoti rapanga o te korenga o te pūngao me te parahanga taiao.
3. Tautoko kaupapa here me te aratohu:Ka haere tonu ngā kāwanatanga ki te whakanui ake i te tautoko kaupapa here mō te umanga PV, me te whakatenatena i te R&D, te whakaputa me te whakamahi i te hangarau PV mā te whakatakoto kaupapa here tautoko, ngā whakatenatena taake, ngā utu whāngai, me ētahi atu, kia waihangahia ai he taiao kaupapa here pai mō te whanaketanga o te umanga PV.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, he whānui te tirohanga whanaketanga o te hangarau photovoltaic, hei hangarau pūngao ma, ka taea te whakahou, ā, mā te auahatanga tonu me te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi PV, te hanganga pākahiko, te whakaurunga pūnaha, te tono hanga me te whakatairanga i te ao whānui, ka nui haere te mahi a te hangarau PV ki te whakarerekētanga o te hanganga pūngao o te ao, ā, ka nui ake te takoha ki te whanaketanga pumau o te hapori tangata.
