Inganda zitanga ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zihura n'ibibazo bitandukanye, birimo intambara z'ubucuruzi, politiki z'igihugu, imiterere y'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, n'ibindi. Abashyira ingufu mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'abafite inganda bahangayikishijwe n'inyungu z'ibigo by'amashanyarazi bitanga ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba (PV), abakora ibikoresho bikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba bahangayikishijwe n'uko nta politiki nziza zihari, kandi abakora ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bafite impungenge zo kubahiriza amahame ya tekiniki. Amaherezo, ikibazo nyamukuru kiri mu kumenya niba ingufu zitangwa n'ibigo by'amashanyarazi bitanga ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'imikorere n'inyungu ndetse n'uburyo bwo gukora amashanyarazi menshi.
Impuguke mu nganda zigaragaza ko gukoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba muri iki gihe bisaba gukemura ibibazo byinshi, nko kugenzura ikirere mu buryo bwihuse, kumenya imitwaro y'amashanyarazi akwirakwizwa n'ayahujwe, kubika ingufu, guteza imbere inverters zigezweho, kugenzura no kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'amashanyarazi, ndetse no gucunga ikoranabuhanga, gushushanya, gukora no kubungabunga.
Iyi nkuru isesengura muri make ibintu bigira ingaruka ku ikorwa ry'amashanyarazi ya PV uhereye ku bwiza bw'inyubako, imiterere myiza (urugero, inguni nziza zo kuzunguruka), n'ibikoresho nka modules na combiner boxes.
1. Ubwiza bw'inyubako
Bamwe mu bashyiramo ingufu, babitewe n’inyungu, bagabanya ikiguzi cy’ubwubatsi mu buryo butari bwo, bigatuma habaho ibibazo by’ubuziranenge bishobora gutera igihombo cya 3–6% mu gutanga amashanyarazi.
Chen Lei, umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe gutanga ingufu nshya mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya State Grid Smart Research Institute, yagaragaje mu kiganiro ko amasosiyete agomba gukoresha uburyo bunoze bwo gucunga kugira ngo hirindwe gutinda kw’imishinga, guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye kandi byujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge, no gukora isuku no kugenzura buri gihe kugira ngo sitasiyo za PV zikore neza.
Mu gushyiraho sisitemu za PV zihujwe n'inyubako, hagomba gutegurwa gahunda y'ubwubatsi n'uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Gahunda z'ubwubatsi zijyanye na bwo n'ingamba z'umutekano nazo zigomba gutegurwa, hagakorwa isuzuma ry'ubushobozi bw'ubwubatsi igihe bibaye ngombwa.
2. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ivugurura
Intego yo kunoza sisitemu ni ugukoresha ingufu nyinshi hasuzumwa ibintu nk'imirasire y'izuba, urumuri rugaragara, ubushyuhe bw'ikirere, imiterere y'umuyaga, hamwe n'imikorere n'imikoranire y'ibice bitandukanye by'isi. Kutagira imiterere myiza muri zimwe mu nganda za PV bituma ingufu zigabanuka.
Ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho mu gushushanya imiterere y'inzu birimo:
Gupfuka: Gupfuka bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere myiza ya sisitemu, bigatera ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi bigabanya igihe cyo kubaho kwa module. Ubwoko bw'igicucu burimo inyubako zikikije, ibiti, kwipfuka igicucu bivuye kuri sisitemu ya PV ubwayo, hamwe n'igicucu cy'agateganyo giterwa n'umukungugu.
Icyerekezo n'Inguni yo Kunyerera: Kubara inguni nziza yo kunyerera ni ngombwa, kuko sisitemu zihujwe n'urukuta cyangwa izidafite urukuta zisaba imiterere itandukanye. Ku sisitemu zihujwe n'urukuta, inguni yo kunyerera igomba kongera ingufu zikoreshwa buri munsi ku mwaka, mu gihe sisitemu zidafite urukuta zishobora gushyira imbere imitwaro y'impeshyi cyangwa y'itumba.
Urugero, muri Nanjing:
Sisitemu zihujwe n'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi zigira ingufu nyinshi zisohoka buri mwaka ku nguni ya 25°, hafi 7° munsi y'umurongo wa latitude wo mu gace uherereyemo.
Sisitemu zidafite umurongo w'amashanyarazi ziratandukanye: ku mitwaro yo mu mpeshyi, inguni nziza yo kunyerera ni 7°, munsi cyane y'umurongo wo mu gace; ku mitwaro yo mu gihe cy'itumba, ni 46°, hejuru cyane y'umurongo wo mu gace; ku mitwaro iringaniye, inguni yo kunyerera ni 42°.
3. Ibikoresho
Ibikoresho by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku ikorwa ry'amashanyarazi mu nganda za PV birimo modules z'izuba, udusanduku two guhuza ingufu, inverters, n'ibikorwa remezo by'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.
Modules z'izuba
Mu gihe cyo guhitamo module no kubaka sisitemu, kunoza imikoranire no gukoresha uruvange rw'uturemangingo tw'izuba twa Grade A na Grade B bishobora kunoza imikorere. Ubwiza bwa module bugomba kugenzurwa neza, hasuzumwa neza ibintu nka latitude, spectrum, ubushyuhe, igicucu, aho iherereye, n'imiterere y'insinga, byose bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya module.
Inverters
Inverters ni zo bikoresho byonyine, uretse modules, bishobora kongera imikorere myiza mu gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi - bishobora kugera kuri 10%. Mbere yo gushyiraho, State Grid isaba gukora igerageza ryo kwigana no kwibanda ku kugabanya ikiguzi binyuze mu gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye aho gukurikirana gusa ibikorwa bihendutse.
Ihuza ry'urusobe rw'amakuru
Guhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba biracyari ikibazo gikomeye ku miterere y'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu Bushinwa, ikiri mu ntangiriro z'iterambere. Kutahuza imiterere y'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, hamwe n'ikibazo cyo gukoresha imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi yuzuye, bibangamira imikorere myiza. Impuguke zitanga inama yo gushyira imbere ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi mu gace runaka kugira ngo bigabanye umutwaro w'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'ibikorwa remezo by'ubwubatsi nk'aho bashyira umuriro w'amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa EV kugira ngo bigabanye ikiguzi cyo kohereza umuriro.
Binyuze mu gucunga neza ireme ry'ubwubatsi, kunoza sisitemu, no guhitamo ibikoresho, inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi aturuka kuri photovoltaic zishobora kongera imikorere myiza no guhaza neza ibisabwa mu mikorere no mu nyungu.
