He maha ngā wero e pā ana ki te umanga pūngao rā, tae atu ki ngā pakanga hokohoko, ngā kaupapa here ā-motu, ngā āhuatanga hononga whatunga, me ētahi atu. E āwangawanga ana ngā kaiwhakauru me ngā rangatira tipu mō te hua o ngā teihana hiko photovoltaic (PV), e āwangawanga ana ngā kaihanga hua rā mō te korenga o ngā kaupapa here pai, ā, e āwangawanga ana ngā kaihanga whare whatunga mō te tutuki i ngā paerewa hangarau. Hei whakamutunga, ko te pātai matua kei roto i te mea ka taea e te putanga hiko o ngā teihana PV te whakatutuki i ngā tono whakahaere me te hua, me pēhea te whakaputa hiko ake.
E kī ana ngā tohunga ahumahi ko te whakaputa hiko o te rā o nāianei me aro atu ki ngā take maha, pērā i te aroturuki i te huarere i te wā tūturu, te kimi kawenga mō te whakaputa hiko tohatoha me te pokapū, te rokiroki hiko, te whakawhanaketanga o ngā kaitahuri atamai o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei, te aroturuki me te whakahaere kounga hiko whānui, tae atu ki te whakahaere i roto i te hangarau, te hoahoa, te whakahaere, me te tiaki.
Ka tātarihia pototia e tēnei tuhinga ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te whakaputa hiko PV mai i ngā tirohanga o te kounga hanga, te hoahoa arotau (hei tauira, ngā koki honga tino pai), me ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā kōwae me ngā pouaka whakakotahi.
1. Te Kounga Hanganga
Ko te hua o te mahi a ētahi kaiwhakauru, ka whakaiti pōuri i ngā utu hanga, ka hua ake he raruraru kounga ka hua ake he mate hiko i waenga i te 3–6%.
I roto i tētahi huihuinga, i whakamārama a Chen Lei, te kaiwhakahaere o te New Energy Power Generation Division i te State Grid Smart Research Institute, me whakamahi ngā kamupene i ngā tikanga whakahaere kua whakatikatikaina hei ārai i ngā whakaroa kaupapa, me whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi e tika ana me te whai tohu hei whakarite i te kounga, me te whakahaere i ngā mahi tiaki me te tirotiro auau hei whakarite i te mahi tika o ngā teihana PV.
Mō te tāutanga o ngā pūnaha PV whakauru whare, me whakarite he mahere whakahaere hanga me ngā tikanga whakahaere kounga. Me whakatakoto hoki ngā kaupapa hanga me ngā mahi haumaru e rite ana, me te whakahaere aromatawai whaihua ina hiahiatia.
2. Hoahoa Arotau
Ko te whāinga o te arotautanga pūnaha he whakanui ake i te whakaputanga hiko mā te aromatawai i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te hihi o te rā, te whakaata mārama, te pāmahana taiao, ngā āhuatanga o te hau, me te mahi me te taunekeneke o ngā wāhanga pūnaha. Ko te kore o te hoahoa arotautanga i roto i ētahi tipu PV ka hua ake te hekenga o te putanga hiko.
Ko ngā whakaaro matua mō te hoahoa ko:
Te whakamarumaru: He pānga nui te whakamarumaru ki te whai huatanga o te pūnaha, ka puta te ahotea wera, ā, ka whakaiti i te roa o te wā o te kōwae. Ko ngā momo whakamarumaru ko ngā whare e karapoti ana, ngā rākau, te whakamarumaru-ake mai i te pūnaha PV tonu, me te whakamarumaru rangitahi i puta mai i te puehu.
Te Aronga me te Koki Honga: He mea nui te tatau i te koki honga tino pai, nā te mea he rerekē ngā hoahoa e hiahiatia ana mō ngā pūnaha hono-whārangi, ngā pūnaha kore-whārangi rānei. Mō ngā pūnaha hono-whārangi, me whakanui ake e te koki honga te putanga hiko toharite o ia rā, engari ko ngā pūnaha kore-whārangi ka whakatau i ngā kawenga raumati, hotoke rānei.
Hei tauira, i Nanjing:
Ka tutuki i ngā pūnaha hono-whatunga te putanga mana mōrahi ā-tau i te koki honga o te 25°, tata ki te 7° te iti iho i te whānui ā-rohe.
He rerekē ngā pūnaha kore-whatunga: mō ngā kawenga raumati, ko te koki honga pai rawa atu he 7°, he iti iho i te whānui o te rohe; mō ngā kawenga hotoke, he 46°, he teitei ake i te whānui o te rohe; mō ngā kawenga taurite, e taunakihia ana kia 42° te koki honga.
3. Taputapu
Ko ngā taputapu matua e pā ana ki te whakaputa hiko i roto i ngā tipu PV ko ngā kōwae pūngao rā, ngā pouaka whakakotahi, ngā kaitahuri, me ngā hanganga whatunga.
Ngā Kōwae Rā
I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te kōwae me te hanga pūnaha, mā te arotau i te hototahitanga me te whakamahi i te ranunga o ngā pūtau hiko pūngao o te taumata A me te taumata B ka taea te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga. Me whakarite te kounga o te kōwae, me te whai whakaaro nui ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te whānui, te whānuitanga, te pāmahana, te atarangi, te tauwāhi, me ngā āhuatanga waea, ā, ka pā katoa ēnei ki te mahi a te kōwae.
Ngā kaitahuri
Ko ngā inverters anake ngā taputapu, haunga ngā kōwae, ka taea te whakapai ake i te pai o te whakaputa hiko—tae atu ki te 10%. I mua i te tāutanga, e taunaki ana a State Grid kia whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau whakatauira me te arotahi ki te whakaiti i ngā utu mā te whakaputa puranga kaua ki te whai noa i te hanga iti te utu.
Hononga Whatunga
He wero nui tonu te hononga whatunga hiko mō ngā pūnaha hiko o te rā o Haina, kei ngā wāhanga tīmatanga tonu o te whanaketanga. Ko ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā hoahoa pūnaha me te whatunga hiko, me te take o te mimiti o te whatunga hiko katoa, ka whakararu i te whai huatanga. E kī ana ngā tohunga kia whakatairangahia te whakamahinga hiko ā-rohe hei whakaiti i te kawenga whatunga hiko, me te hanga hanganga pēnei i ngā teihana utu hiko EV hei whakaiti i ngā utu tuku.
Mā te whakahaere whānui i te kounga hanga, te arotau pūnaha, me te whiriwhiri taputapu, ka taea e te umanga photovoltaic te whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputa hiko me te whakatutuki pai ake i ngā whakaritenga whakahaere me te hua.
