Ishishini lamandla elanga lijongene nemingeni eyahlukeneyo, kuquka iimfazwe zorhwebo, imigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe, iimeko zoqhagamshelo lwegridi, nokunye. Abafaki kunye nabanini bezityalo baxhalabile malunga nenzuzo yezitishi zamandla ze-photovoltaic (PV), abavelisi bemveliso yelanga bakhathazekile malunga nokungabikho kwemigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo, kwaye abavelisi bezakhiwo zegridi baxhalabile malunga nokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yobugcisa. Ekugqibeleni, umbuzo ophambili ulele ekubeni ingaba umbane ophuma kwizitishi ze-PV unokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kunye nenzuzo kunye nendlela yokuvelisa umbane ongakumbi.
Iingcali zoshishino zithi ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga okwangoku kufuna ukujongana nemiba emininzi, efana nokujonga imozulu ngexesha langempela, ukuchongwa komthwalo wokuveliswa kwamandla asasazwayo naphakathi, ukugcinwa kwamandla, ukuphuhliswa kwee-inverters ezikrelekrele zesizukulwana esilandelayo, ukujonga nokulawula umgangatho wamandla ngokubanzi, kunye nolawulo kubunjineli, uyilo, ukusebenza, kunye nokugcinwa.
Eli nqaku lihlalutya ngokufutshane izinto ezichaphazela ukuveliswa kwamandla e-PV ngokwembono yomgangatho wokwakha, uyilo lokuphucula (umz., ii-angles ezithambekileyo ezifanelekileyo), kunye nezixhobo ezifana neemodyuli kunye neebhokisi zokudibanisa.
1. Umgangatho woKwakha
Abanye abafaki, beqhutywa yinzuzo, banciphisa iindleko zokwakha ngokungaboniyo, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki zomgangatho ezinokubangela ilahleko ye-3–6% ekuveliseni umbane.
UChen Lei, umphathi weCandelo lokuVeliswa koMbane oMtsha kwiState Grid Smart Research Institute, ugxininise kwiforam ukuba iinkampani mazisebenzise iindlela zolawulo ezicociweyo ukuthintela ukulibaziseka kweprojekthi, zikhethe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo nezifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho, kwaye ziqhube ulondolozo kunye nokubeka iliso rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwezikhululo ze-PV.
Ukufakela iinkqubo ze-PV ezidityaniswe nezakhiwo, kufuneka kulungiselelwe isicwangciso sombutho wokwakha kunye neenkqubo zokulawula umgangatho. Iinkqubo zokwakha ezihambelanayo kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko nazo kufuneka zenziwe, kunye novavanyo lokwenzeka xa kuyimfuneko.
2. Uyilo lokuphucula
Injongo yokuphucula inkqubo kukwandisa ukuveliswa kwamandla ngokuvavanya izinto ezifana nokukhanya kwelanga, ukukhanya okubonakalayo, ubushushu obungqongileyo, iimeko zomoya, kunye nokusebenza kunye nokusebenzisana kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo. Ukungabikho koyilo lokuphucula kwezinye izityalo ze-PV kukhokelela ekunciphiseni umbane.
Izinto eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kuyilo ziquka:
Umthunzi: Umthunzi uchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, ubangela uxinzelelo lobushushu, kwaye unciphisa ubomi bemodyuli. Iintlobo zomthunzi ziquka izakhiwo ezijikelezileyo, imithi, ukuzifihla ngokwakho kwinkqubo ye-PV ngokwayo, kunye nomthunzi wexeshana obangelwa luthuli.
Ukujolisa kunye ne-Angle yokuTyekela: Ukubala i-engile yokutyekela efanelekileyo kubalulekile, njengoko iinkqubo eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi okanye ezingaphandle kwegridi zifuna uyilo olwahlukileyo. Kwiinkqubo eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi, i-engile yokutyekela kufuneka inyuse umbane ophumayo wemihla ngemihla oqhelekileyo wonyaka, ngelixa iinkqubo ezingaphandle kwegridi zinokubeka phambili imithwalo yasehlotyeni okanye yasebusika.
Umzekelo, eNanjing:
Iinkqubo eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi zifikelela kumandla aphezulu okukhupha amandla ngonyaka kwi-engile yokuthambeka engama-25°, malunga ne-7° ngaphantsi kobubanzi bendawo.
Iinkqubo ezingaphandle kwegridi ziyahluka: kwimithwalo yasehlotyeni, i-engile yokuthambeka efanelekileyo yi-7°, ingaphantsi kakhulu kwe-latitude yendawo; kwimithwalo yasebusika, yi-46°, iphezulu kakhulu kune-latitude yendawo; kwimithwalo elinganisiweyo, i-engile yokuthambeka ye-42° iyacetyiswa.
3. Izixhobo
Izixhobo eziphambili ezichaphazela ukuveliswa kombane kwizityalo ze-PV ziquka iimodyuli zelanga, iibhokisi zokudibanisa, ii-inverters, kunye neziseko zegridi.
Iimodyuli zelanga
Ngexesha lokukhethwa kweemodyuli kunye nokwakhiwa kwenkqubo, ukuphucula ukuhambelana kunye nokusebenzisa umxube weeseli zelanga zeBakala A kunye neBakala B kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Umgangatho wemodyuli kufuneka uqinisekiswe, kuqwalaselwe ngononophelo izinto ezifana nobubanzi, i-spectrum, ubushushu, umthunzi, indawo, kunye neemeko zocingo, zonke ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwemodyuli.
Ii-Inverters
Ii-inverters zezona zixhobo zodwa, ngaphandle kweemodyuli, ezinokuphucula ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kombane—mhlawumbi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10%. Ngaphambi kokufakwa, iState Grid icebisa ukuba kwenziwe iimvavanyo zokulinganisa kwaye kugxilwe ekunciphiseni iindleko ngokuvelisa ibhetshi endaweni yokulandela kuphela imveliso engabizi kakhulu.
Uqhagamshelo lweGridi
Uqhagamshelo lwegridi lusengumngeni omkhulu kwiinkqubo zamandla elanga zaseTshayina, ezisakwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso. Ukungangqinelani phakathi koyilo lwenkqubo kunye negridi, kunye nomba wokufunxwa kwegridi epheleleyo, kuthintela ukusebenza kakuhle. Iingcali zicebisa ukuba kubekwe phambili ukusetyenziswa kwamandla asekuhlaleni ukunciphisa umthwalo wegridi kunye neziseko zokwakha ezifana nezikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko zothumelo.
Ngolawulo olupheleleyo lomgangatho wokwakha, ukulungiswa kwenkqubo, kunye nokukhethwa kwezixhobo, ishishini le-photovoltaic linokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuveliswa kombane kwaye lihlangabezane ngcono neemfuno zokusebenza kunye nenzuzo.
