Imboni yamandla elanga ibhekene nezinselele ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izimpi zezohwebo, izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke, izimo zokuxhumeka kwegridi, nokuningi. Abafaki kanye nabanikazi bezitshalo bakhathazekile ngenzuzo yeziteshi zikagesi ze-photovoltaic (PV), abakhiqizi bemikhiqizo yelanga bakhathazekile ngokuntuleka kwezinqubomgomo ezinhle, kanti abakhiqizi bezikhungo zegridi bakhathazekile ngokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe. Ekugcineni, umbuzo oyinhloko uwukuthi ngabe ukukhishwa kwamandla kweziteshi ze-PV kungahlangabezana yini nezidingo zokusebenza nenzuzo kanye nendlela yokukhiqiza ugesi owengeziwe.
Ochwepheshe bezimboni bakhomba ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga kwamanje kudinga ukubhekana nezinkinga eziningi, njengokuqapha isimo sezulu ngesikhathi sangempela, ukutholakala komthwalo wokukhiqizwa kwamandla okusatshalaliswa nokuphakathi, isitoreji samandla, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-inverter ahlakaniphile esizukulwane esilandelayo, ukuqapha nokulawula ikhwalithi yamandla okuphelele, kanye nokuphathwa kobunjiniyela, ukuklama, ukusebenza, kanye nokugcinwa.
Lesi sihloko sihlaziya kafushane izici ezithinta ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-PV kusukela emibonweni yekhwalithi yokwakha, ukwakheka kokwenza ngcono (isb., ama-angles afanele okuthambekela), kanye nemishini efana namamojula namabhokisi okuhlanganisa.
1. Ikhwalithi Yokwakha
Abanye abafaki, beqhutshwa yinzuzo, banciphisa ngokungazi lutho izindleko zokwakha, okubangela izinkinga zekhwalithi ezingase zibangele ukulahlekelwa ngu-3-6% ekukhiqizweni kukagesi.
UChen Lei, umphathi we-New Energy Power Generation Division e-State Grid Smart Research Institute, ugcizelele esithangamini ukuthi izinkampani kumele zamukele imikhuba yokuphatha ethuthukisiwe ukuvimbela ukubambezeleka kwephrojekthi, zikhethe izinto ezifanele nezifanelekayo ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi, futhi ziqhube ukulungiswa nokuphathwa njalo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kweziteshi ze-PV.
Ukuze kufakwe izinhlelo ze-PV ezihlanganiswe nesakhiwo, kufanele kulungiselelwe uhlelo lokuhlela ukwakhiwa kanye nezinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi. Izinhlelo zokwakha ezihambisanayo kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha nazo kufanele zakhiwe, kanye nokuhlolwa kokwenzeka kwezinto uma kudingeka.
2. Umklamo Wokwenza Kusebenze Kahle
Umgomo wokwenza ngcono uhlelo ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ngokuhlola izici ezifana nokukhanya kwelanga, ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya, izinga lokushisa elizungezile, izimo zomoya, kanye nokusebenza kanye nokusebenzisana kwezingxenye ezahlukene zesistimu. Ukuntuleka komklamo wokwenza ngcono kwezinye izitshalo ze-PV kuholela ekunciphiseni kokukhishwa kwamandla.
Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele ngokuklama zihlanganisa:
Ukufiphaza: Ukufiphaza kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu, kubangela ukucindezeleka kokushisa, futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwemodyuli. Izinhlobo zokufiphaza zifaka phakathi izakhiwo ezizungezile, izihlahla, ukuzifiphaza ngokwakho kusuka ohlelweni lwe-PV uqobo, kanye nokufiphaza kwesikhashana okubangelwa uthuli.
Ukuqondiswa kanye ne-Engela Yokuthambekela: Ukubala i-engela yokuthambekela efanele kubalulekile, njengoba izinhlelo ezixhunywe kugridi noma ezingaphandle kwegridi zidinga imiklamo ehlukene. Ezinhlelweni ezixhunywe kugridi, i-engela yokuthambekela kufanele ikhulise isilinganiso samandla sansuku zonke sonyaka, kuyilapho izinhlelo ezingaphandle kwegridi zingase zibeke phambili imithwalo yasehlobo noma yasebusika.
Isibonelo, eNanjing:
Izinhlelo ezixhunywe kugridi zifinyelela ukukhishwa kwamandla okuphezulu konyaka nge-engeli yokuthambekela engu-25°, cishe ngo-7° ngaphansi kwe-latitude yendawo.
Izinhlelo ezingaphandle kwegridi ziyahlukahluka: ngemithwalo yasehlobo, i-engeli yokuthambekela efanele ingu-7°, ingaphansi kakhulu kwe-latitude yendawo; ngemithwalo yasebusika, ingu-46°, ephakeme kakhulu kune-latitude yendawo; ngemithwalo elinganiselayo, kunconywa i-engeli yokuthambekela engu-42°.
3. Imishini
Imishini ebalulekile ethinta ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ezitshalweni ze-PV ihlanganisa amamojula elanga, amabhokisi okuhlanganisa, ama-inverter, kanye nengqalasizinda yegridi.
Amamojula Elanga
Ngesikhathi sokukhethwa kwemodyuli kanye nokwakhiwa kwesistimu, ukwenza ngcono ukuhambisana nokusebenzisa ingxube yamaseli elanga ebanga A kanye nebanga B kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle. Ikhwalithi yemodyuli kumele iqinisekiswe, ngokucabangela ngokucophelela izici ezifana ne-latitude, i-spectrum, izinga lokushisa, umthunzi, indawo, kanye nezimo zokuxhuma, konke okuthonya ukusebenza kwemodyuli.
Ama-Inverter
Ama-inverter yiwona kuphela imishini, ngaphandle kwamamojula, angathuthukisa ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ugesi—mhlawumbe ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-10. Ngaphambi kokufakwa, i-State Grid incoma ukwenza izivivinyo zokulingisa nokugxila ekunciphiseni izindleko ngokukhiqizwa kweqembu kunokulandela kuphela ukukhiqiza okungabizi kakhulu.
Ukuxhumeka kwegridi
Ukuxhumeka kwegridi kusalokhu kuyinselele enkulu ezinhlelweni zamandla elanga zaseShayina, ezisesezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa. Ukungafani phakathi kwemiklamo yesistimu negridi, kanye nendaba yokumuncwa kwegridi egcwele, kuphazamisa ukusebenza kahle. Ochwepheshe basikisela ukubeka phambili ukusetshenziswa kwamandla endawo ukuze kuncishiswe umthwalo wegridi kanye nengqalasizinda yokwakha njengeziteshi zokushaja ze-EV ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokudlulisa.
Ngokuphathwa okuphelele kwekhwalithi yokwakha, ukwenza ngcono uhlelo, kanye nokukhetha imishini, imboni ye-photovoltaic ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla futhi ihlangabezane kangcono nezidingo zokusebenza kanye nenzuzo.
