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Simba rezuva rePV richienzaniswa neNyukireya: Nderipi rine simba repamusoro?

Sezvo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze nematambudziko ezvakatipoteredza zvichiwedzera, kutsvaga simba rakachena, rinoshanda zvakanaka, uye rinogara kwenguva refu kwave chinhu chinonyanya kukosheswa pasi rose. Solar photovoltaic (PV) nesimba renyukireya imhando mbiri dzesimba rakachena dzine mukana wakakura. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora nzira dzavo dzekuvandudza ramangwana uye kana dzichigona kutsiva simba rekare.

1206-2

Tekinoroji yeSolar PV yafambira mberi zvikuru mumakumi emakore apfuura uye inotarisirwa kufambira mberi mune zvinotevera: kuvandudza mashandiro, kuderedza mari yekugadzira, kuwedzera kugara kwenguva refu, uye kubatanidza manejimendi akangwara. Mapaneru ezuva aripo parizvino anowana avhareji yekushanda kwe20%, nekukwanisa kupfuura 30% mune ramangwana. Mari yekugadzira mapaneru ezuva inotarisirwa kudzikira ne60% panosvika 2030. Uyezve, kufambira mberi muzvinhu nekugadzira kuchavandudza hurefu hwepaneru uye kugona kuchinjika kunzvimbo dzakaoma, nepo masisitimu ekugadzirisa akangwara achizowedzera mashandisirwo esimba. International Energy Agency inofanotaura kuti kugona kwePV pasi rose kuchapfuura 1.5 terawatts panosvika 2030, zvichiita basa rakakosha mukuchinja kwesimba pasi rose.

1206-1

Simba renyukireya, sesimba rakachena uye rinoshanda zvakanaka, rine mukana mukuru wekuvandudzwa mune ramangwana. Nzvimbo dzakakosha dzinosanganisira ma reactor echizvarwa chechina, kuvandudzwa kwekutonga kwemarara enyukireya, tekinoroji yekubatanidza manyukiliya, uye matanho ekuchengetedza akawedzerwa. Ma reactor epamusoro anovavarira kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka, kuchengetedzeka, uye kugara kwenguva refu, nekushandiswa kwekutengeserana kunotarisirwa kusvika muna 2050. Tekinoroji dzakavandudzwa dzekubata nekuchengetedza marara enyukireya, dzakadai sekurasa kwakadzika kwejeological uye kurapwa kweplasma, dzinogadzirisa matambudziko ekare. Kusanganiswa kwenyukireya, kunyangwe kuchiri kuyedzwa, kunopa simba risingaperi rine marara mashoma uye kuchengetedzeka kwakanyanya. International Atomic Energy Agency inofungidzira kuti kugona kwenyukireya kuchapetwa kaviri mukati memakore makumi maviri, zvichigona kupa anopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemagetsi anodiwa muEurope.

Kunyangwe simba rezuva rePV nesimba renyukireya richisangana nematambudziko akati wandei, zvinopa nzira dzakakosha dzekuderedza kuvimba nemafuta epasi. Kuvimba kwesimba rezuva rePV nemamiriro ekunze nekuwanikwa kwevhu kunosiyana nemitengo yepamusoro yekutanga yesimba renyukireya nematambudziko ekugadzirisa marara. Pasinei nemiganhu iyi, simba rese rinobatsirana uye rinokosha pakuwana ramangwana rinogara kwenguva refu. Kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi, zvivakwa, uye mutemo kuchaita kuti simba iri rive nesimba rakachena rinotungamira mukuchinja kwesimba pasi rose.