Ngenxa yokwanda ngokukhawuleza koqoqosho oluluhlaza lwelizwe lethu, ukuveliswa kwamandla e-mono crystalline silicon/poly crystalline silicon photovoltaic kunye netekhnoloji ye-thin-film BIPV kuyavuthwa. Izakhiwo zentsimbi zinezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo kunezinye iintlobo zezakhiwo ngokubhekiselele kumsebenzi wokusetyenziswa, uyilo, ulwakhiwo, kunye neendleko zizonke. Ngenxa yoko, ukuphuhlisa nokuvelisa uhlobo olutsha lwenkqubo yokufaka i-photovoltaic yesakhiwo sentsimbi ukuze kuthathelwe indawo inkqubo yokufaka intsimbi ye-angle yangoku kubalulekile.
1. Uhlobo lwentsimbi yebracket yentsimbi yelanga
Isinyithi esilula esisebenza ngolwakhiwo kunye nesinyithi esiqhelekileyo esisebenza ngolwakhiwo esincinci sisetyenziswa ngoku ekukhetheni isinyithi ngenxa yeempawu zesakhiwo esilula kunye nomthamo omncinci wenkxaso yelanga ye-PV.
Intsimbi ekhaphukhaphu yesakhiwo: Eli gama libhekisa kwintsimbi engqukuva, intsimbi encinci ye-engile, kunye nentsimbi ebhityileyo. Xa intsimbi ye-engile isetyenziswa njengento exhasayo, inokusebenzisa kakuhle amandla entsimbi kwaye iluncedo ekufakweni kwesakhelo siphela. Okwangoku, intsimbi ye-engile yesizwe esemgangathweni xa ithelekiswa nenkxaso yelanga, imodeli yokuzikhethela imbalwa, ngoko ke kufuneka iimodeli zentsimbi ezincinci ezongezelelweyo ukuze zilungele uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwangoku lweshishini lamandla elanga. Ii-purlin zentsimbi ezincinci zihlala zenziwe ngeepleyiti zentsimbi ezincinci ezinobukhulu obuyi-1.5-5mm ezibunjiweyo okanye eziqengqelekayo ukuze zenze iimveliso zentsimbi ezincinci ezinobubanzi obuhlukeneyo kunye nobubanzi.
Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi yecandelo eliqengqelekayo elishushu, irediyasi yokujikeleza yentsimbi yecandelo elibhityileyo inokwandiswa ngama-50-60%, kwaye ixesha eliphantsi kunye nexesha lokumelana lecandelo linokwandiswa ngamaxesha angama-0.5-3, kodwa ngenxa yokuba intsimbi yecandelo elibhityileyo icutshungulwa kakhulu kumzi-mveliso, kukho imfuneko yemingxunya yokubhola echanekileyo kakhulu kunye neephaneli ze-photovoltaic emva komngxuma wesikrufu. Ngenxa yokuba icandelo lentsimbi lincinci, izixhobo kunzima ukuzisebenzisa, kwaye ukwakhiwa kunzima ngakumbi emva kweqhosha lokubhola elicutshungulwa ngumzi-mveliso, linokuthintela ukugqwala ngobushushu, lithuthe liye kufakelo lwendawo. Okwangoku, uninzi lweepaneli zasekhaya azinakudityaniswa ngokuthe ngqo nofakelo lwentsimbi yecandelo elibhityileyo kwaye kufuneka zincamathiselwe kwesinye isakhiwo esizinzileyo esincedisayo (njengebhloko yokucinezela).
I-Photovoltaic esetyenziswa rhoqo iqulethe iimfuno zoyilo ezahlukeneyo zohlobo lwe-I, uhlobo lwe-H, uhlobo lwe-L kunye neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoyilo lwecandelo elinqamlezileyo elineprofayili, kwaye idla ngokwakhiwa ngentsimbi yesakhiwo sekhabhoni okanye intsimbi ye-alloy ephantsi, elula ukuyakha kwaye ingabizi kakhulu. Iindlela zokucubungula nazo zahlukile, kunye nentsimbi yecandelo lokuwelda ekhethwa ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo bepleyiti yentsimbi, ngokweemfuno zoyilo kwintsimbi yokucubungula imilo yefektri, le ndlela yokwenza ingabalwa ngokweemandla kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeprojekthi ye-photovoltaic, kwaye ipleyiti yentsimbi enobukhulu obahlukeneyo ingasetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo enengqondo ngakumbi kune-force kwipleyiti yentsimbi eshushu eqengqelekayo kanye.
2. Iimfuno zokusebenza kwezinto zentsimbi ezixhasa amandla elanga, izinto zentsimbi zokwakha intsimbi yamandla elanga kufuneka zibe nokusebenza okulandelayo:
1). Ukutsalwa kunye namandla okukhupha. Indawo ephezulu yokukhupha inokunciphisa inxalenye yamalungu entsimbi, inciphise ubunzima bokwakha, yonge intsimbi, kwaye inciphise iindleko zeprojekthi zizonke. Amandla aphezulu okukhupha anokunyusa ukhuseleko lwesakhiwo ngokubanzi kwaye aphucule ukuthembeka kwaso.
2). Ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokudinwa. Ukuqina okuhle kunokubangela ukuba isakhiwo sitshintshe kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba siphazame, okuvumela abasebenzi ukuba bachonge kwaye basebenzise amanyathelo okulungisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukuqina okuhle kungasetyenziswa nokulungisa uxinzelelo lwendawo, i-engile yofakelo lwephaneli yelanga, ukusetyenziswa kokufakelwa okunyanzelekileyo, kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo ukuvelisa ukusasazwa kwamandla angaphakathi, ukuze isakhiwo okanye ezinye izinto zoxinzelelo lokuqala lokusasazwa koxinzelelo lwesakhiwo zifane, kwaye ziphucule amandla okuthwala alo lonke isakhiwo. Ukuqina okungcono kuvumela isakhiwo ukuba sifumane amandla amaninzi xa sitshatyalaliswa ngumthwalo ochaphazelekayo, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kwizikhululo zamandla zasentlango kunye nezikhululo zamandla ophahla ezivezwe yimimoya enamandla. Ukumelana nokudinwa okungcono kunokwenza isakhiwo simelane ngakumbi notshintsho kumandla okumelana nemithwalo yomoya ephindaphindwayo.
3). Isantya sokucubungula. Ukusebenza okubandayo, ukusebenza okushushu, kunye nokudityaniswa kwentsimbi zonke ziyimizekelo yokusebenza kakuhle. I-aluminium esetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zentsimbi ye-photovoltaic akufuneki nje kuphela ukuba yenziwe ngomatshini kwiizakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kunye namacandelo, kodwa kufuneka yenziwe ngomatshini ngendlela yokuba amandla, i-plasticity, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nokudinwa kungathintelwa.
4). Ubude bexesha lenkonzo. Ngenxa yokuba ubomi boyilo lwenkqubo yelanga ye-PV bungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20, ukusebenza kakuhle kokulwa nokugqwala kukwaluphawu olubalulekileyo lomgangatho wenkqubo yokufakela. Ukuba ubomi benkxaso bufutshane kakhulu, buya konakalisa uzinzo lulonke lwesakhiwo, kwandisa ixesha lokubuyisela kwaye kunciphise inzuzo iyonke yezoqoqosho yeprojekthi.
5). Ngokuhambelana neemeko zangaphambili, isinyithi esenziwe ngentsimbi yelanga kufuneka kube lula ukusithenga, ukusenza, nokuthengisa.
Uvavanyo lobuchwephesha lwezixhobo zesinyithi zelanga zesizukulwana esitsha
Ukusetyenziswa kwenkxaso yamandla elanga e-angle steel okwangoku kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezininzi, esona sizathu sibalulekileyo kukuba umgangatho wentsimbi awulingani okwangoku, ukufakelwa kufuna inani elikhulu lokugrumba kwindawo, kodwa emva kokugrumba intsimbi kulula ukuyigrumba, ngoko ke kufuneka uhlobo olutsha lwebracket ukuze kutshintshwe ezi bracket zentsimbi ukuze kuncitshiswe ukugrumba kwaye kwandiswe ubomi benkonzo.
Ulwakhiwo oluphambili lwenkxaso entsha yamandla elanga lulandelayo:
1). Inkqubo yezakhiwo zenkxaso zentsimbi eziqinileyo ezimile okweqanda. Intsimbi exineneyo emile okweqanda yinkqubo yesakhiwo sentsimbi esilinganisa ukukhanya enokwenziwa ngamaqela, yakhiwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isebenze ngokupheleleyo. Isibiyeli sesakhiwo sentsimbi senkqubo yesakhiwo sentsimbi esimile okweqanda esimile okweqanda luhlobo lwesakhelo sesakhiwo sentsimbi esenziwe ngentsimbi exineneyo emile okweqanda esele yenziwe ngaphambili ebotshelelwe ndawonye kwindawo yokusebenza.
2). Inkqubo yokufaka intsimbi ye-monolithic eyenziwe ngumzi-mveliso. Isakhelo sentsimbi esenziwe ngaphambili esinee-purlin sinokwakhiwa size sifakwe kwindawo ngaphambi kokuba sidityaniswe neephaneli ukuze senze uluhlu lonke lwe-PV. Iimfuno zokufakelwa kwesi sibiyeli sesakhiwo sentsimbi ziphezulu kakhulu, intsimbi esetyenzisiweyo ikumgangatho ophezulu, inkqubo yonyango lomphezulu ilungile, kwaye kufuneka unxibelelwano lwasekuqaleni nabenzi bezinto ze-photovoltaic ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuphumelelayo.
3). Inkqubo yenkxaso yesakhiwo se-photovoltaic eludongeni enefreyimu yekholamu ye-beam. Kulungile ukusebenzisa isisombululo sokufaka isakhiwo sentsimbi yesakhelo se-beam-column kwiindonga zekhethini ye-PV. Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphantsi ecaleni, xa ukuphakama kwesakhiwo okanye kwebali kuphezulu, ii-braces ezisecaleni kufuneka zisetwe ukuze zenze isakhiwo sesakhelo esixhasayo. Isakhiwo sentsimbi kunye nezinto ezifakwe kwindawo efakwe ngaphakathi zihlala zisetyenziswa ukuvelisa isakhiwo esixutyiweyo kuyilo lwedonga lekhethini le-photovoltaic eliphakamileyo, elinokuphucula amandla okulwa necala lesakhiwo sonke ngelixa linciphisa ubungakanani bentsimbi efunekayo kwaye ngaloo ndlela linciphise iindleko zizonke.
4. Ukufakelwa kwezinto ezintsha ezixhasayo zelanga ezenziwe ngodonga oluncinci olubandayo:
1). Inkxaso yamandla elanga eyenziwe ngodonga olubandayo yamalungu esakhiwo sentsimbi yakhiwe kumzi-mveliso kusetyenziswa izihlanganisi ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi-plastiki. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezihlanganisi ezixutyiweyo zentsimbi-plastiki ezinokuzivumelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokufakelwa.
2). Inkxaso entsha yamandla elanga eyenziwe ngodonga oluncinci olubandayo ilula ngobunzima kwaye inemingxuma emininzi yokufaka. Ngokubanzi, i-Independent Foundation sisiseko esiphambili, kunye nomqadi woqhagamshelo lwekhonkrithi oqinisiweyo wongezwa njengoko kufuneka. Iziseko zeStrip okanye iCross Foundations zingasetyenziswa kwiindawo ezineemeko ezimbi zejoloji, kodwa iziseko zeRaft kufuneka ziphetshwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Iziseko zekholam ephezulu zonke zixhonywe ngehinge, ngelixa izinto ezifakwe kwikholam zifakwe kwiziseko zekholam okanye iibholiti ezifakwe kwikhonkrithi engangeni manzi. Zombini ezi ntlobo zilula ukuzicubungula, kulula ukuzakha, kwaye ziqhagamshelwe kakuhle.
