Menene tsarin adana makamashin photovoltaic?
Tsarin adana makamashin photovoltaic haɗin kayan aiki ne da fasaha wanda ke canza makamashin rana zuwa makamashin lantarki don samar da kayan aikin gida yayin adana ƙarin don amfani da dare ko kuma idan babu wutar lantarki.
Menene shi kuma menene manyan abubuwan da aka haɗa?
1. Na'urar daukar hoto: ta ƙunshi na'urori da dama na daukar hoto (wanda kuma aka sani da na'urorin hasken rana) waɗanda ke da alhakin ɗaukar hasken rana da kuma mayar da shi zuwa wutar lantarki kai tsaye.
2. Racking, kayan haɗi da kebul: ana amfani da su don gyara bangarorin hasken rana da kuma jigilar wutar DC da aka samar zuwa inverter.
3. Injin juyawa (inverters masu haɗin grid da kuma waɗanda ba su da grid): Ana ƙirƙirar wutar lantarki mai canzawa (AC) ta hanyar juya wutar lantarki kai tsaye (DC) da aka samar ta hanyar hasken rana, sannan a adana wutar da ta wuce kima a cikin tsarin adana makamashi, wanda kuma za a iya haɗa shi da grid na birni.
4. Na'urorin adana makamashi: Yawanci ana nufin batura, kamar batirin lithium da sauran nau'ikan batura, waɗanda ke adana wutar lantarki da makamashin rana ke samarwa wanda ba a amfani da shi nan take ta hanyar inverter don amfani daga baya.
5. EMS da BMS: EMS tsarin ne da ke sa ido da kuma kula da aikin dukkan tsarin don tabbatar da cewa dukkan sassan suna aiki yadda ya kamata kuma cikin aminci. BMS tsarin kula da batirin ajiya ne, yana ingantawa da kuma sarrafa caji da fitar da batirin.
6. Akwatin haɗuwa: ya haɗa da dukkan nau'ikan kayan kariya da maɓallan wuta, kamar kariyar ƙaruwa (kariyar walƙiya) a tsakiyar inverter ɗin samun damar hasken rana, fis, masu katse wutar lantarki na DC, masu katse wutar lantarki na shigarwar wutar lantarki, masu katse wutar lantarki da ba za a iya katsewa ba da sauransu.
Tasirin Photovoltaic, yadda ake samun wutar lantarki daga makamashin rana
1. Shan sinadarin photon: Lokacin da hasken rana (gami da sauran hanyoyin haske) ya bugi kayan (silicon) na na'urar hasken rana, makamashin sinadarin photon yana sha ne ta hanyar amfani da kayan semiconductor.
2. Ƙarfin electrons: Ƙarfin photon da ke sha yana sa electrons da ke cikin semiconductor su yi tsalle daga valence band zuwa conduction band, suna canza su daga wani yanayi da aka ɗaure zuwa wani yanayi na 'yanci.
3. Samar da nau'ikan ramukan electron: Lokacin da aka motsa electron cikin ƙungiyar conduction, yana barin rami a cikin ƙungiyar valence. Wannan electron da ramin suna samar da haɗin ramukan electron.
4. Kafa filin lantarki: Yankunan nau'in P da nau'in N galibi suna nan a cikin kayan lantarki na photovoltaic, kuma a mahaɗin waɗannan yankuna biyu (watau mahadar PN), ana samar da filin lantarki na ciki.
5. Gudanar da kwararar electrons: Wannan filin lantarki na ciki yana tura electrons kyauta don motsawa zuwa yankin nau'in N da ramuka don motsawa zuwa yankin nau'in P, kuma wannan motsi yana ƙirƙirar wutar lantarki.
6. Tattara wutar lantarki: Ta hanyar inverter, ana mayar da wannan wutar lantarki zuwa wutar AC ko DC sannan a adana ta a cikin tsarin adana makamashi don amfani daga baya.
Yadda inverters masu haɗin grid da waɗanda ba su da grid ke aiki da kuma yadda suke aiki
1. Injin inverter mai haɗin grid yana canza wutar DC da aka samar ta hanyar hasken rana zuwa wutar lantarki mai dacewa don inverter ta hanyar MPPT module, sannan ya mayar da ita zuwa wutar AC ta hanyar kayan lantarki don samar da kayan aikin gida, kuma idan akwai wutar lantarki mai yawa, za a mayar da ita zuwa wutar lantarki iri ɗaya da ta tsarin ajiya kuma a caje ta cikin tsarin ajiya don adanawa, kuma idan akwai wutar lantarki mai yawa, za a juya ta a haɗa ta cikin grid ɗin wutar lantarki.
2. Tsarin adana makamashin PV yana da hanyoyin samar da kansa da kuma amfani da kansa, hanyoyin aske kololuwa da cike kwarin, da kuma hanyoyin fifikon batir.
Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki da kai da kuma amfani da kai: wutar lantarki da bangarorin hasken rana ke samarwa ana mayar da ita zuwa wutar lantarki mai canzawa (AC) kuma ana ba ta kai tsaye ga kayan aikin gida, yayin da ake cajin ƙarin wutar lantarki a cikin tsarin ajiya; idan wutar lantarki da bangarorin hasken rana ke samarwa bai isa ba don amfani da kayan aikin gida, ana sake cika ta ta amfani da layin wutar lantarki na birni.
Yanayin Aski Mai Tsayi da Cika Kwarin: A lokacin da aka saita, za a mayar da wutar AC daga grid na birni zuwa wutar DC sannan a caji ta cikin tsarin adana makamashi; a lokacin da aka saita, za a mayar da wutar DC a cikin tsarin adana makamashi zuwa wutar AC don a samar da ita ga kayan aikin gida; idan wutar baturi ba ta isa ba, za a ƙara mata wutar lantarki ta birni.
Yanayin Fifikon Baturi: Komai halin da ake ciki, da farko a tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin tsarin adana makamashi ya cika, lokacin da makamashin rana ya samar da ƙarin ƙarfi, za a mayar da shi kai tsaye zuwa wutar AC don amfani da batirin gida, kuma lokacin da aka kunna aikin haɗin grid, za a ƙara yawan abin da ya rage a cikin grid ɗin birni.
Yadda ake tsarawa da ƙididdige adadin faifan hasken rana na W da za a saka
Faifan hasken rana: LESSO 550W
Girman: L 2278 x 1134mm kimanin murabba'in ƙafa 2.6.
Nauyi: 28kg
Ƙarfi: 550W
Tsarin lissafin yanki:
Lura: Tallafa wa bangarorin hasken rana a ƙasa da 7KW
Jimlar ƙarfin na'urar hasken rana: 550W*12=6.6KW
Faɗin rufin da ake buƙata: 12 x 2.6 sq. ft. = 31.2 sq. ft.
Lissafin samar da wutar lantarki na yau da kullun:
Misali, Wenzhou, China, hasken rana mafi girma awanni 3.77, kowace watt a kowace shekara samar da wutar lantarki 1.088KWH, amfani da sa'o'i masu inganci a kowace shekara awanni 1087.08 Kusurwar shigarwa: digiri 18
Mafi girman samar da wutar lantarki a kowace rana = 6.6KW x 3.77H = 24.88KWH
Samar da wutar lantarki ta shekara-shekara = 6.6KW x 1087.08H = 7174.728KWH
