Kodi njira yosungira mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndi chiyani?
Dongosolo losungira mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndi kuphatikiza kwa zida ndi ukadaulo zomwe zimasintha mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kuti ipereke zida zapakhomo pamene ikusunga yotsalayo kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito usiku kapena popanda mphamvu yamagetsi.
Kodi ndi chiyani ndipo zigawo zake zazikulu ndi ziti?
1. Gawo la Photovoltaic: lili ndi ma module angapo a photovoltaic (omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma solar panels) omwe ali ndi udindo wotenga kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikulisintha kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi yolunjika.
2. Ma racking, zowonjezera ndi zingwe: zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza ma solar panels ndikunyamula mphamvu ya DC yopangidwa kupita ku inverter.
3. Ma Inverter (olumikizidwa ndi gridi ndi opanda gridi): Mphamvu yamagetsi yosinthira (AC) imapangidwa mwa kutembenuza mphamvu yamagetsi yolunjika (DC) yopangidwa ndi ma solar panels, ndikusunga mphamvu yochulukirapo mu dongosolo losungira mphamvu, lomwe lingalumikizidwenso ndi gridi ya mzinda.
4. Zipangizo zosungira mphamvu: Nthawi zambiri zimatanthauza mabatire, monga mabatire a lithiamu ndi mabatire ena, omwe amasunga magetsi opangidwa ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo kudzera mu inverter kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo.
5. EMS ndi BMS: EMS ndi njira yomwe imayang'anira ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a dongosolo lonse kuti zitsimikizire kuti ziwalo zonse zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso mosamala. BMS ndi njira yoyang'anira batire yosungiramo, kukonza ndikuwongolera kuyatsa ndi kutulutsa batire.
6. Bokosi lolumikizira: kuphatikiza mitundu yonse ya zida zotetezera ndi ma switch, monga chitetezo cha ma surge (chitetezo cha mphezi) pakati pa inverter yolowera padzuwa, ma fuse, ma DC circuit breakers, ma utility input circuit breakers, ma uninterruptible power supply output circuit breakers ndi zina zotero.
Mphamvu ya Photovoltaic, momwe mungapezere magetsi kuchokera ku mphamvu ya dzuwa
1. Kuyamwa kwa ma photon: Pamene kuwala kwa dzuwa (kuphatikizapo magwero ena a kuwala) kukagunda zinthu (silicon) za solar panel, mphamvu ya ma photon imatengedwa ndi zinthu za semiconductor.
2. Kusonkhezera ma elekitironi: Mphamvu ya photon yomwe imayamwa imapangitsa ma elekitironi omwe ali mu semiconductor kulumpha kuchokera ku gulu la valence kupita ku gulu loyendetsa, kuwasintha kuchoka ku boma lomangika kupita ku boma laulere.
3. Kupanga ma electron-hole pairs: Pamene electron ikulowetsedwa mu conduction band, imasiya dzenje mu valence band. Electron ndi dzenje ili zimapanga ma electron-hole pairs.
4. Kukhazikitsa gawo lamagetsi: Madera a P-type ndi N-type nthawi zambiri amapezeka muzinthu za photovoltaic, ndipo pamalo olumikizirana madera awiriwa (monga, gawo la PN), gawo lamagetsi lamkati limapangidwa.
5. Kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka ma elekitironi: Mphamvu yamagetsi yamkati iyi imayendetsa ma elekitironi omasuka kupita kudera la mtundu wa N ndi mabowo kupita kudera la mtundu wa P, ndipo kayendetsedwe kameneka kamapanga mphamvu.
6. Kusonkhanitsa mphamvu yamagetsi: Kudzera mu inverter, mphamvu yamagetsi iyi imasinthidwa kukhala magetsi a AC kapena DC ndikusungidwa mu dongosolo losungira mphamvu kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo.
Momwe ma inverter olumikizidwa ndi gridi ndi omwe sagwira ntchito ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito
1. Chosinthira magetsi cholumikizidwa ndi gridi chimasintha mphamvu ya DC yopangidwa ndi ma solar panels kukhala magetsi oyenera a basi a inverter kudzera mu MPPT module, kenako n’kuisintha kukhala mphamvu ya AC kudzera mu zipangizo zamagetsi kuti ipereke zida zapakhomo, ndipo ngati pali mphamvu yochulukirapo, idzasinthidwa kukhala magetsi ofanana ndi a makina osungiramo zinthu ndikuyikidwa mu makina osungiramo zinthu kuti zisungidwe, ndipo ngati pali mphamvu yochulukirapo, idzasinthidwa ndikuphatikizidwa mu gridi yamagetsi.
2. Makina osungira mphamvu a PV ali ndi njira zodzipangira okha komanso zodzigwiritsira ntchito, njira zometa molunjika komanso zodzaza chigwa, komanso njira zoyambira batire.
Kudzipangira wekha komanso kugwiritsa ntchito wekha: magetsi opangidwa ndi ma solar panels amasinthidwa kukhala alternating current (AC) ndikuperekedwa mwachindunji ku zida zapakhomo, pomwe ochulukirapo amayikidwa mu dongosolo losungira; ngati magetsi opangidwa ndi ma solar panels sakwanira kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zapakhomo, amawonjezeredwanso pogwiritsa ntchito gridi yamagetsi yamzinda.
Kumeta Pamwamba ndi Kudzaza Chigwa: Pa nthawi yokhazikika, mphamvu ya AC yochokera ku gridi ya mzinda idzasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu ya DC ndikuyiyika mu dongosolo losungira mphamvu; pa nthawi yokhazikika, mphamvu ya DC mu dongosolo losungira mphamvu idzasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu ya AC kuti iperekedwe ku zipangizo zapakhomo; ngati mphamvu ya batri si yokwanira, idzawonjezeredwa ndi gridi ya mzinda.
Njira Yoyambira Batire: Kaya zinthu zili bwanji, choyamba onetsetsani kuti mphamvu ya makina osungira mphamvu yadzaza, mphamvu ya dzuwa ikapanga mphamvu zambiri, idzasinthidwa mwachindunji kukhala mphamvu ya AC yogwiritsira ntchito batire yapakhomo, ndipo ntchito yolumikizira gridi ikayatsidwa, yowonjezera idzawonjezedwa ku gridi ya mzinda.
Momwe mungapangire ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mapanelo a dzuwa a W oti muyike
Gulu la dzuwa: LESSO 550W
Kukula: L 2278 x 1134mm pafupifupi 2.6 sq. ft.
Kulemera: 28kg
Mphamvu: 550W
Fomula yowerengera dera:
Chidziwitso: Thandizani mapanelo a dzuwa osakwana 7KW
Mphamvu yonse ya solar panel: 550W*12=6.6KW
Malo ofunikira padenga: 12 x 2.6 sq. ft. = 31.2 sq. ft.
Kuwerengera mphamvu zamagetsi tsiku ndi tsiku:
Mwachitsanzo, Wenzhou, China, dzuwa limakhala ndi maola 3.77, pa watt iliyonse pachaka kupanga magetsi ndi 1.088KWH, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino maola pachaka ndi maola 1087.08. Ngodya yoyika: madigiri 18
Mphamvu yopangira mphamvu tsiku lililonse ndi yapamwamba kwambiri = 6.6KW x 3.77H = 24.88KWH
Kupanga mphamvu pachaka = 6.6KW x 1087.08H = 7174.728KWH
