Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za photovoltaic ni iki?
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zikomoka ku zuba ni uruvange rw'ibikoresho n'ikoranabuhanga bihindura ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mo ingufu z'amashanyarazi kugira ngo zitange ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu gihe zisigaye zibikwa kugira ngo zikoreshwe nijoro cyangwa mu gihe nta ngufu zihari.
Ni iki kandi ni ibihe bice by'ingenzi bigize iki gikoresho?
1. Module ya Photovoltaic: igizwe na module nyinshi za photovoltaic (zizwi kandi nka panels z'izuba) zishinzwe gufata imirasire y'izuba no kuyihinduramo umuyoboro w'amazi utaziguye.
2. Gushyiraho imirasire, ibikoresho n'insinga: bikoreshwa mu gusana panels z'izuba no gutwara ingufu za DC zakozwe kuri inverter.
3. Inverters (ifite amashanyarazi ahujwe n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'adafite amashanyarazi): Ingufu zisimburana (AC) zikorwa binyuze mu guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, kandi zikabika ingufu zirenze mu buryo bwo kubika ingufu, bushobora no guhuzwa n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi w'umujyi.
4. Ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu: Ubusanzwe bivuga bateri, nka bateri za lithium n'izindi bateri, zibika amashanyarazi aturuka ku mirasire y'izuba adakoreshejwe ako kanya binyuze muri inverter kugira ngo akoreshwe nyuma.
5. EMS na BMS: EMS ni sisitemu ikurikirana kandi igacunga imikorere ya sisitemu yose kugira ngo ibice byose bikora neza kandi mu mutekano. BMS ni sisitemu yo gucunga bateri yo kubika, itunganya kandi ikagenzura uburyo bateri isharira n'isohora umuriro.
6. Agasanduku ko guhuza: gakubiyemo ubwoko bwose bw'ibikoresho byo kurinda n'amaswichi, nko kurinda inkuba hagati y'ingufuri zikoresha imirasire y'izuba, fiyuzi, DC circuit breakers, utility input circuit breakers, uninterruptible power supply output circuit breakers n'ibindi.
Ingaruka za photovoltaic, uburyo bwo kubona amashanyarazi mu ngufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba
1. Kwinjira kwa fotoni: Iyo urumuri rw'izuba (harimo n'izindi soko z'urumuri) rugeze ku bikoresho (silicon) by'urumuri rw'izuba, ingufu za fotoni zinjira mu bikoresho bya semiconductor.
2. Gushyuha kwa electron: Ingufu za fotoni zinjira mu cyuma gitwara amashanyarazi zituma electron zo muri semiconductor zisimbuka ziva mu gice cya valence zijya mu gice gitwara amashanyarazi, zigahinduka ziva mu gice gifata amashanyarazi zijya mu cyigenga.
3. Ikorwa ry'ibice bibiri bya electron-hole: Iyo electron ishyizwe mu gice cyo kuyobora, isiga umwobo muri valence band. Iyi electron n'umwobo birema ibice bibiri bya electron-hole.
4. Gushyiraho amashanyarazi: Uduce twa P-type na N-type dukunze kugaragara mu bikoresho bya photovoltaic, kandi aho utu duce tubiri duhurira (ni ukuvuga aho PN ihurira), hakorwa amashanyarazi y'imbere.
5. Gutwara urujya n'uruza rwa electron: Uyu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi w'imbere utuma electron zigenga zijya mu gace k'ubwoko bwa N n'imyobo zijya mu gace k'ubwoko bwa P, kandi uyu muyoboro utuma habaho umuriro.
6. Gukusanya umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi: Binyuze muri inverter, uyu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi uhinduka amashanyarazi ya AC cyangwa DC hanyuma ukabikwa muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu kugira ngo uzakoreshwe nyuma.
Uburyo inverters zikoresha grid n'izidakoresha grid zikora n'uburyo zikora
1. Inverter ihujwe n'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi ihindura ingufu za DC zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mo voltage ikwiye ya bisi kuri inverter binyuze muri module ya MPPT, hanyuma ikayihinduramo ingufu za AC binyuze mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo itange ibikoresho byo mu rugo, kandi niba hari ingufu zirenze, izahindurwamo voltage imwe n'iya sisitemu yo kubikamo hanyuma ishyirwe muri sisitemu yo kubikamo kugira ngo ikomeze, kandi niba hari ingufu zirenze, izasubizwa inyuma kandi ishyirwe muri grid y'amashanyarazi.
2. Uburyo bwo kubika ingufu za PV bufite uburyo bwo kwikorera no gukoresha ubwabwo, uburyo bwo kogosha no kuzuza ikibaya, hamwe n'uburyo bwo gushyira imbere bateri.
Uburyo bwo kwikorera no kwikoresha: amashanyarazi akorwa n'imirasire y'izuba ahindurwamo umuriro usimburana (AC) agashyirwa mu bikoresho byo mu rugo, mu gihe asigaye ashyirwa mu bubiko; niba umuriro ukorwa n'imirasire y'izuba udahagije ngo ukoreshwe n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo, wongerwamo hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi y'umujyi.
Uburyo bwo Kogosha no Kuzuza Ikibaya: Mu gihe cyagenwe, ingufu za AC ziva ku muyoboro w’umujyi zizahindurwamo ingufu za DC hanyuma zigashyirwa muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu; mu gihe cyagenwe, ingufu za DC muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zizahindurwamo ingufu za AC kugira ngo zigerwe ku bikoresho byo mu rugo; niba ingufu za batiri zidahagije, zizunganirwa n’umuyoboro w’umujyi.
Uburyo bwo Gushyira Bateri ku Giti Cyayo: Uko ibintu bimeze kose, banza urebe neza ko ingufu z'uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zuzuye, iyo ingufu z'izuba zitanga ingufu nyinshi, zizahindurwamo ingufu za AC zo gukoresha bateri yo mu rugo, kandi iyo ikoranabuhanga ryo guhuza amashanyarazi rifunguye, amafaranga asigaye azongerwa ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi w'umujyi.
Uburyo bwo gushushanya no kubara umubare w'ingufu z'izuba za W zo gushyiramo
Ingufu zikoresha imirasire y'izuba: LESSO 550W
Ingano: L 2278 x 1134mm hafi metero kare 2.6.
Uburemere: 28kg
Ingufu: 550W
Ifishi yo kubara akarere:
Icyitonderwa: Shyigikira panneaux solaire ziri munsi ya 7KW
Ingufu zose za panel y'izuba: 550W*12=6.6KW
Ubuso bw'igisenge bukenewe: 12 x 2.6 sq. ft. = 31.2 sq. ft.
Kubara ingufu zikoreshwa buri munsi:
Fata urugero rwa Wenzhou, mu Bushinwa, izuba ryinshi rigera ku masaha 3.77, kuri wati imwe ku mwaka ingufu zitanga 1.088KWH, ikoreshwa ry'amasaha ku mwaka amasaha 1087.08 Inguni yo gushyiraho: dogere 18
Ingufu zikoreshwa cyane ku munsi = 6.6KW x 3.77H = 24.88KWH
Ingufu zitangwa buri mwaka = 6.6KW x 1087.08H = 7174.728KWH
