A ƙarƙashin dabarun "dual carbon", masana'antar photovoltaic (PV) ta China ta sami ci gaba mai ban mamaki, wanda ya haɓaka haɓaka fasahar ƙwayoyin halitta masu inganci da yanayi daban-daban na aikace-aikace. A cikin 2024, ɓangaren PV yana shaida ƙaruwar fasahohin zamani kamar HJT, BC, da perovskite, wanda ke nuna sabon zamani na ci gaban fasaha.
Fasaha ta HJT
Fasahar Heterojunction (HJT) tana ba da ingantaccen aiki, samar da wutar lantarki ta fuska biyu, ƙarancin ma'aunin zafin jiki na wutar lantarki, da kuma raguwar lalacewa. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ci gaban da aka samu a kayan sama ya rage farashi sosai. Misali, wadatar da KEEs ke samu ta hanyar manna jan ƙarfe mai rufi da azurfa ya magance matsalolin farashi, yayin da shugabannin masana'antu ke amfani da fasahar da aka yi wa lasisi kamar ƙwayoyin 0BB da wafers ɗin silicon mai siriri don samar da taro. Masu sharhi sun yi hasashen cewa ci gaban HJT zai sake fasalin masana'antar PV, yana haɓaka haɓaka ƙarfin aiki da kuma ƙarfafa gasa a duniya.
Fasaha ta BC
Ana ɗaukar ƙwayoyin Back Contact (BC) a matsayin kololuwar ingancin silicon mai lu'ulu'u. Tsarin gaba mara grid yana haɓaka kyawun yanayi da kuma fitar da kuzari. Fasahar BC ta haɗu da wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta kamar TOPCon da HJT, wanda ke ƙara haɓaka inganci. Shugabannin kasuwa kamar LONGi da Aiko sun ƙaddamar da samfuran BC, tare da masana suna hasashen cewa rabon kasuwar BC zai kai 30-40%. Wannan fasaha tana shirye don tallafawa aikace-aikace iri-iri da ci gaban masana'antu mai ɗorewa.
Fasaha ta Perovskite
Ana girmama Perovskite a matsayin jagorar fasahar PV ta ƙarni na uku, tana da inganci mai yawa, ƙarfin aiki mai ƙarancin haske, da kuma hanyoyin da suka fi sauƙi. Tsarinta mai juzu'i yana alƙawarin ingancin juyawa ya wuce kashi 45%. Nasarorin da aka samu kwanan nan a cikin kwanciyar hankali sun nuna babban ci gaba. Nan da shekarar 2027, ana sa ran perovskite zai cimma babban samarwa, yana buɗe damar a fannoni kamar IoT, EVs, da Aerospace, yayin da yake hanzarta sauyawa zuwa makamashi mai sabuntawa.
Waɗannan fasahohin zamani suna wakiltar makoma mai kyau ga masana'antar PV, suna ba da hanyoyi masu ƙirƙira don ci gaba mai ɗorewa da inganci.
