Bayanin Inverter na PV, wanda aka fi sani da mai kula da wutar lantarki, ana iya amfani da shi a cikin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana a matsayin kayan wutar lantarki mai zaman kansa ko kuma wanda aka haɗa da grid. Dangane da tsarin waveform modulation, inverters na iya zama murabba'in wave, step wave, sine wave, ko haɗakar matakai uku. A cikin tsarin da aka haɗa da grid, inverters na iya zama nau'in transformer ko transformer ƙasa da haka. Tsarin na'urorin inverter na PV Semiconductor suna samar da da'irar boost da da'irar gadar inverter na inverter, wanda ke daidaita ƙarfin juyawar AC kai tsaye. Ga manyan na'urorin semiconductor:
(1) Na'urar auna zafin jiki: tana buƙatar daidaito mai yawa, saurin amsawa, juriya ga yanayin zafi, juriya ga yanayin zafi mai yawa, da sauransu, na'urori masu auna zafin jiki daban-daban suna cinye wutar lantarki daban-daban, yawanci na'urar auna zafin jiki ta Hall don ɗaukar samfurin yanzu;
(2) Na'urar canza wutar lantarki: kewayon wutar lantarki mai faɗi, galibi jerin BRS;
(3) Reactor. Ka'idar aiki na inverters na PV Inverters suna da da'irar haɓakawa da da'irar gadar inverter. Da'irar haɓakawa tana haɓaka ƙarfin DC zuwa ƙarfin fitarwa, yayin da da'irar gada ke canza shi zuwa ƙarfin AC mai tsayayyen mita. Don haka, da'irar gadar haɓakawa da inverter suna canza wutar DC zuwa wuraren AC. Inverters na photovoltaic suna da matsaloli 10 gama gari da dabarun sarrafawa.
1. Matsalolin amfani Ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki, da yawan mita, sune matsalolin wutar lantarki (lambobin kuskure F00-F03).① Kayyade ko ma'aunin aminci na injin ya cika sharuɗɗan grid na wutar lantarki na gida.② Tabbatar da haɗin tashar fitarwa ta AC kuma auna ƙarfin lantarki ta amfani da na'urar multimeter.③ Cire haɗin shigarwar PV, sake kunna injin, kuma duba ko aiki na yau da kullun ne.④ Idan matsalar ta ci gaba, tuntuɓi mai rarrabawa.
2. Kuskuren ƙarancin hana rufi F07. ① Cire haɗin shigarwar PV, sake kunna na'urar, kuma duba ko aiki na yau da kullun. ② Tabbatar da juriyar ƙasa ta PV+ da PV ta wuce 500KΩ. Don matsalolin da ke ƙasa da 500KΩ, tuntuɓi mai rarraba inverter na gida ko mai ba da umarnin allon baturi don taimako.
3. Kuskuren yawan zubar ruwa na yanzu na F20 Cire haɗin shigarwar PV, sake kunna na'urar, kuma duba ko aiki na yau da kullun ne.② Idan bai yi nasara ba, tuntuɓi mai rarrabawa.
4. Yanayin zafi na radiator da na yanayi sun yi yawa F12, kuma kurakuran F13 sun yi yawa. ① Cire haɗin shigarwar PV, sake kunna na'urar, kuma duba ko aiki na yau da kullun bayan 'yan mintuna na sanyaya. ② Tabbatar idan zafin yanayi ya wuce matsakaicin kewayon injin. Idan matsalar ta ci gaba, tuntuɓi mai rarrabawa.
5. Kulawa ba tare da bayanai ba. Bin diddigin WiFi: Haɗa WiFi na inverter, duba shafin sa ido don samun bayanai game da inverter, sake haɗa module ɗin WiFi da aka gina a ciki ko duba haɗin WiFi na waje idan babu bayanin inverter, kuma idan ba za ku iya bincika WiFi na inverter ba, duba module ɗin WiFi da aka gina a ciki don rashin hulɗa mara kyau ko ƙarfin WiFi na waje. Don saka idanu kan GPRS, gwada ƙarfin siginar Intanet na mai ba da sabis iri ɗaya a wurin shigar da inverter. Duba don samun rauni ko modules na GPRS na waje marasa ƙarfi.
6. Rashin ƙarfin kariya daga iska Yi amfani da cirewa. Cire dukkan kebul na wutar lantarki a gefen shigarwar inverter, sannan ka haɗa su ɗaya bayan ɗaya, yi amfani da gano ƙarfin kariya daga iska don nemo igiyoyin matsala, duba mahaɗin DC don samun maƙallin gajeren zango da ruwa ya mamaye ko kuma maƙallin gajeren zango da aka ƙone, sannan ka duba ɓangaren don ganin wani tabo baƙi da aka ƙone a gefen da ke haifar da zubewar sassan.
7. Lalacewar wutar lantarki ta ɓuya Kayan aiki marasa inganci, rashin kyawun shigarwa, da kuma wurin da bai dace ba sun ƙara ta'azzara wannan matsalar. Wuraren gazawa sun yi yawa: masu haɗin DC marasa inganci, kayan haɗin, tsayin shigarwar sassan ba shi da inganci, kayan aikin da aka haɗa da grid masu ƙarancin inganci ko ɓuyawar ruwa, kuma ana iya samun irin waɗannan matsaloli ta wurin mai feshi ** kuma a warware su ta hanyar ingantaccen rufi. Idan matsalar ita ce yankin kayan, a maye gurbin kayan.
8. Bai kamata a juya wayoyin shigarwar DC ba, haɗin DC na yau da kullun yana da tasirin hana dumbing amma tashoshin crimp ba sa yi. Da fatan za a karanta littafin jagorar inverter don tabbatar da cewa tashoshi masu kyau da marasa kyau da crimp suna da mahimmanci. Kariyar gajeriyar da'irar inverter tana ba shi damar farawa akai-akai bayan wayoyi na yau da kullun.
9. Lalacewar Grid: Ana nuna nauyin aikin (yawan amfani da wutar lantarki na manyan lokutan aiki) da nauyi mai sauƙi (yawan amfani da wutar lantarki na ƙarancin lokacin hutawa) a nan, kafin a bincika ƙarfin wutar lantarki na grid, da masana'antun inverter don sadarwa da grid don yin haɗin fasaha don tabbatar da cewa ƙirar aikin a cikin iyaka mai dacewa, kada a "daukar da wasa", musamman a cikin grid ɗin wutar lantarki na karkara, inverter zuwa grid, inverter yana da matukar muhimmanci. Grid na karkara da inverters suna da tsauraran ƙarfin lantarki, yanayin raƙuman ruwa da iyakokin nisa. Yawancin matsalolin wuce gona da iri suna faruwa ne sakamakon ƙarancin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na grid da ya wuce ko kusantar ƙimar kariyar aminci. Idan layin grid ya yi tsayi ko kuma bai yi kyau ba, injin wutar lantarki ba zai iya aiki yadda ya kamata ba kuma a hankali. Amsar ita ce a tantance ikon samar da wutar lantarki don daidaita ƙarfin lantarki ko cire grid ɗin da kuma sa ido kan ingancin ginin tashar wutar lantarki. "Ƙarƙashin ƙarfin lantarki na Grid": Wannan matsalar tana kama da over-voltage na grid, amma kuma tana iya haifar da ƙaryar ƙarfin lantarki idan ƙarfin lantarki na lokaci mai zaman kansa ya yi ƙasa da haka, rarraba kaya akan grid bai cika ba, kuma an sauke ko cire matakan grid ɗin. Mitar Grid Sama/Ƙasa: Mitar Grid Sama/Ƙasa: Kasancewar wannan wahalar a cikin grid na yau da kullun yana nuna rashin lafiyar grid. Babu ƙarfin wutar lantarki? Duba layukan ɗaure grid. Duba don matsalar lokacin grid, ko babu layin wutar lantarki.
10. Kariyar ƙarfin lantarki na DC Tare da ƙoƙarin inganta tsarin aiki mai inganci, ana sabunta matakin wutar lantarki akai-akai don ƙaruwa, kamar yadda ake sabunta ƙarfin lantarki na buɗewa da ƙarfin lantarki na aiki. Dole ne a yi la'akari da ma'aunin zafin jiki a matakin ƙira don guje wa yawan ƙarfin lantarki da lalacewar kayan aiki a ƙananan yanayin zafi.
YANAR GIZO TA FASAHA SHIDA A CIKIN ƘIRƘIRAR PV INVERTERS
Yanayi na 1: Kayan aikin Inverter suna ci gaba da bunƙasa cikin sauri, gami da SiC, CAN, DSP da sabbin hanyoyin sadarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da ingantaccen aiki. Ingancin China ya kai A+, tare da burin A+++.
Yanayi na 2: ƙarfin inverter mai tsakiya, inganci, ƙaruwar ƙarfin lantarki. Za a yi amfani da 2.5MW da sauran inverters masu ƙarfin wutar lantarki sosai domin suna kashe kusan yuan 0.1/W ƙasa da murabba'in 1MW, wanda ke rage kashe kuɗi na farko na miliyan 10 don tashar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin 100MW. Daidaita kebul yana tabbatar da daidaiton asarar sassan DC. Tsarin 1500V zai mamaye ginin tashar wutar lantarki mai girma. Banda abubuwan da aka haɗa, yana adana 0.2 yuan/W, ko miliyan 20 don tashar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin 100MW.
Yanayi na 3: Injinan inverter na ƙara yawan wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki a kowace naúra. Injinan inverter na ci gaba da ƙaruwa a wutar lantarki har zuwa 80kW, ƙaruwa a yawan wutar lantarki, da raguwar nauyi don aikace-aikace masu ƙalubale inda shigarwa da kulawa ke da wahala. Injinan inverter na igiya 40kW daga Sunny Power sune mafi sauƙi a masana'antar, suna da nauyin kilogiram 39 kawai. Sunny Power koyaushe yana amfani da sanyaya fanka mai wayo don hana ƙaruwar zafin jiki na ciki da inganta ƙarfin overload na inverter a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi.
Yanayi na 4: Ƙarin Samfuran Matakin Module kamar Enphase microinverters da SolarEdge power optimizers suna ƙara zama ruwan dare. Kamfanin bincike na masana'antu GTM yana sa ran jigilar kayan lantarki na matakin module (MLPE) zai ƙaru daga 1.1GW a 2013 zuwa fiye da 5GW a 2017.
Yanayi na 5: Daidaita Grid da Kariyar Tsaro da Aminci Kariyar zubar da ruwa, aikin SVG, LVRT, kariyar module na DC, kariyar gano impedance na rufi, kariyar PID, kariyar walƙiya, kariyar polarity mai kyau da mara kyau ta PV, da sauran fasaloli masu ingantawa koyaushe suna ƙara daidaitawar grid da amincin tsarin inverters.
Yanayi na 6: Inganta daidaitawar muhalli na inverter Tare da ƙaruwar amfani da tashoshin wutar lantarki na photovoltaic a cikin mawuyacin yanayi kamar bakin teku, hamada, tuddai, da sauransu, juriyar tsatsa ta inverter, juriyar yashi, da sauran daidaitawar muhalli suna inganta don tabbatar da babban aminci.
Zhao Wei ya ce ta hanyar sabbin fasahohi iri-iri, aikace-aikacen sabbin kayayyaki na ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar PV, inganta ingancin tsarin PR, rage farashin zagayowar rayuwar tsarin (LCOE), da kuma cimma daidaiton Intanet, wanda shine ƙalubalen da kowa ke fuskanta. Za a gyara ƙirar tashar wutar lantarki, inganta haɗin tsarin, kuma mafita mai haɗakar inverter, matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na iya sauƙaƙa tsarin zuwa matsanancin farashi, rage farashi, sauƙin amfani, inganci, da dogaro. Ci gaban masana'antar inverter PV yana ƙaruwa, sabbin fasahohi iri-iri, sabbin kayayyaki, masu canzawa koyaushe, masu daidaitawa ga yanayin gida, gasa ɗari; a cikin manyan tashoshin wutar lantarki na ƙasa, mafita mai tsakiya don saka hannun jari na farko sun yi ƙasa, farashin aiki da kulawa daga baya kawai shine 1/3, sakamakon aiki da tashar wutar lantarki da yawa sun nuna cewa samar da wutar lantarki tare da tsakiya shine zaɓin da mai amfani ya fi so; inverters na String 2/2.5M a cikin aikace-aikacen da aka rarraba suma suna girma, kuma babban iko, inganci, da yawan wutar lantarki sune alkiblar gaba. Intanet + PV za ta zama babban abu, kuma aikace-aikacen adana makamashi na PV + za su sami makoma mai haske.
