Incamake ya PV inverter Inverter, izwi kandi nka power regulator, ishobora gukoreshwa muri sisitemu zitanga ingufu z'izuba nk'amashanyarazi yigenga cyangwa ihujwe na grid. Dukurikije uburyo waveform modulation, inverters zishobora kuba wave square, wave step, sine wave, cyangwa integrated three-phase. Muri sisitemu zihujwe na grid, inverters zishobora kuba transformer-type cyangwa transformer less. Imiterere ya PV inverter Ibikoresho bya semiconductor bigize boost circuit na inverter bridge circuit ya inverter, ihindura imbaraga za AC. Ibi bikurikira ni ibikoresho bya semiconductor by'ibanze:
(1) Sensor y'amashanyarazi: isaba ubuhanga bwo hejuru, igisubizo cyihuse, ubushyuhe buke, ubushyuhe bwinshi, nibindi, sensors zitandukanye zikoresha imbaraga zitandukanye, ubusanzwe sensor y'amashanyarazi ya Hall yo gupima ubushyuhe;
(2) Transformateur y'amashanyarazi: urwego rugari rw'amashanyarazi, akenshi BRS series;
(3) Reactor. Ihame ry'imikorere ya PV inverters PV inverters zifite circuit yo kongera ingufu n'uruziga rw'ikiraro cy'inverter. Urwego rwo kongera ingufu rwongera ingufu za DC ku muvuduko w'amashanyarazi, mu gihe uruziga rw'ikiraro ruyihindura ingufu za AC zihoraho. Bityo, uruziga rw'ikiraro cy'inverter na inverter ruhindura ingufu za DC ku ngingo za AC. Inverters zifite ibibazo 10 bihuriweho n'uburyo bwo gutunganya.
1. Ibibazo by'amashanyarazi Kuba umuriro uri hasi cyane, mwinshi cyane n'umuvuduko mwinshi ni ibibazo by'ingufu z'amashanyarazi (amakode y'amakosa F00-F03). ① Menya niba amahame y'umutekano y'imashini yujuje ibisabwa mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi yo mu gace. ② Emeza imiyoboro ya AC output terminal hanyuma upime voltage ukoresheje multimeter. ③ Kuramo PV input, ongera utangire imashini, hanyuma urebe niba ikora neza. ④ Niba ikibazo kigikomeje, hamagara umucuruzi.
2. Ikosa ryo gukingira amashanyarazi rike F07. ① Kuramo PV, ongera utangire gukoresha imashini, hanyuma urebe niba ikora neza. ② Emeza ko PV+ na PV- ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubutaka burenze 500KΩ. Ku bibazo biri munsi ya 500KΩ, hamagara umucuruzi w’inverter wo mu gace utuyemo cyangwa umutanga serivisi yo gutanga bateri kugira ngo agufashe.
3. Umuvuduko ukabije w'amazi asohoka Ikosa rya F20 Kuramo icyuma gitanga PV, ongera utangire gukoresha imashini, hanyuma urebe niba ikora neza. ② Niba bidashoboka, hamagara umucuruzi.
4. Radiator n'ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere ni byinshi cyane. Amakosa ya F12 na F13. ① Kuramo PV, ongera utangire imashini, hanyuma urebe niba ikora neza nyuma y'iminota mike ikonje. ② Emeza niba ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere burenze urugero rusanzwe rw'imashini. Niba ikibazo gikomeje, hamagara umucuruzi.
5. Gukurikirana nta makuru kuri WiFi: Huza inverter WiFi, reba ku ipaji yo gukurikirana amakuru kuri inverter, ongera ushyiremo module ya WiFi cyangwa urebe ko hari umurongo wa WiFi RS485 wo hanze niba nta makuru kuri inverter, kandi niba udashobora gushakisha inverter WiFi, reba module ya WiFi yubatswemo niba nta makuru kuri inverter cyangwa ingufu za WiFi zo hanze. Kugira ngo ukurikirane GPRS, gerageza imbaraga z'ikimenyetso cya interineti cy'umutanga serivisi umwe aho inverter ishyirira. Reba niba hari module za GPRS zo hanze zidakora neza cyangwa zidakora neza.
6. Impedansi nke zo gukingira umuriro Koresha imbunda zidafite aho zibogamiye. Kuraho insinga zose z'amashanyarazi ku ruhande rw'inyongera ya inverter, hanyuma uzihuze imwe imwe, koresha inverter ikoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo umenye impedansi yo gukingira umuriro kugira ngo ubone imigozi y'ikibazo, reba DC connector niba hari bracket ya shorting yuzuye amazi cyangwa bracket ya fusion shorting yahiye, hanyuma urebe ko hari agace k'umukara kahiye ku nkengero gatuma ibice biva.
7. Ikosa ry'umuyoboro w'amazi usohoka Ibikoresho bifite ubuziranenge buke, imitangire mibi, no gushyirwaho nabi byongera iki kibazo. Ahantu hangiritse ni henshi: imiyoboro ya DC ifite ubuziranenge buke, ibice, uburebure bw'imitangire y'ibice ntabwo byujuje ibisabwa, ibikoresho bifitanye isano n'umuyoboro w'amazi bifite ubuziranenge buke cyangwa amazi asohoka, n'ibindi bibazo nk'ibyo bishobora kuboneka binyuze mu gice cy'icyuma gisuka amazi ** maze bigakemurwa n'uburyo bwiza bwo gukingira. Niba ikibazo ari urwego rw'ibikoresho, simbura ibikoresho.
8. Inverter ntikora isubira inyuma insinga za DC ntizigomba gusubizwa inyuma, guhuza DC bisanzwe bigira ingaruka zo kurwanya gusiba ariko ibyuma bifunga ntibikora. Nyamuneka soma igitabo cy'amabwiriza ya inverter kugira ngo urebe neza ko ibyuma bifunga neza na bibi na crimp ari ingenzi. Uburinzi bwa inverter bwo kugabanya umuvuduko mugufi butuma itangirira neza nyuma yo gufunga neza.
9. Ikosa rya gridIngufu nyinshi za grid: Umutwaro munini w'akazi (ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi amasaha menshi y'akazi) n'umutwaro muto (ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi igihe gito cyo kuruhuka) bigaragazwa hano, mbere yo gusuzuma voltage ya grid, n'abakora inverter kuvugana na grid kugira ngo bakore ikoranabuhanga rihuriweho kugira ngo barebe ko umushinga ukorwa mu rugero rukwiye, "batawufata nk'ibintu bisanzwe", cyane cyane mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi yo mu cyaro, inverter kuri grid, inverter ni ingenzi cyane. Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi yo mu cyaro na inverter bifite voltage ikomeye, imiterere y'umuraba n'intera. Ibibazo byinshi bya overvoltage biterwa n'amashanyarazi y'urumuri rwa grid arenga cyangwa yegereye agaciro k'umutekano. Niba umurongo wa grid ari muremure cyane cyangwa udafite ingufu, uruganda rw'amashanyarazi ntirushobora gukora neza kandi buhoro buhoro. Igisubizo ni ukumenya urwego rushinzwe gutanga amashanyarazi kugira ngo ruhuze voltage cyangwa rukure grid no gukurikirana ubwiza bw'inyubako ya sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi. "Ingufu nke za grid": Iki kibazo gisa na voltage nyinshi za grid, ariko gishobora no gutuma habaho voltage itari yo niba voltage zigenga za phase ari nke cyane, ikwirakwizwa ry'umutwaro kuri grid rituzuye, kandi ibyiciro bya grid bigakurwaho cyangwa bigakurwaho. Ingano y'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi: Ingano y'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi: Kuba hari ubu bugoranye mu rusobe rw'amashanyarazi rusanzwe bigaragaza ko amashanyarazi adakora neza. Nta voltage y'amashanyarazi? Reba imirongo y'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi. Reba niba nta kibazo cy'urusobe rw'amashanyarazi, cyangwa nta murongo w'amashanyarazi.
10. Uburinzi bw'amashanyarazi arenze urugero ya DC Mu rwego rwo kunoza uburyo ibice bikoresha amashanyarazi bikoresha amashanyarazi menshi, urwego rw'amashanyarazi ruhora ruvugururwa kugira ngo ruzamuke, kimwe n'amashanyarazi afunguye igice n'amashanyarazi akoreshwa. Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bigomba kwitabwaho mu gihe cyo gushushanya kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika cyane mu bushyuhe buri hasi.
INZIRA Esheshatu Z'IKORANABUHANGA MU GUTEZA IMBERE IBIKORESHO BYA PV
Icyerekezo cya 1: Ibikoresho bya inverter birimo gutera imbere vuba, harimo SiC, CAN, DSP n'imiterere mishya, bigatuma imikorere irushaho kuba myiza. Imikorere myiza y'Ubushinwa yageze kuri A+, intego ikaba A+++.
Icyerekezo cya 2: ingufu za inverter zikoreshwa mu buryo buhuriweho, imikorere myiza, kwiyongera k'amashanyarazi. 2.5MW n'izindi inverter zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zizakoreshwa cyane kuko zitwara hafi 0.1 yuan/W munsi ya 1MW kare, bigabanye amafaranga yakoreshejwe mbere ya miliyoni 10 ku ruganda rw'amashanyarazi rwa 100MW. Guhuza insinga bitanga icyizere cyo gutakaza ibice bya DC. Sisitemu ya 1500V iziganje mu bwubatsi bw'uruganda runini rw'amashanyarazi. Uretse ibice byayo, izigama 0.2 yuan/W, cyangwa miliyoni 20 kuri sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ya 100MW.
Icyerekezo cya 3: Inverters z'imigozi zirimo kwiyongera mu bucucike bw'ingufu n'imbaraga kuri buri gikoresho. Inverters z'imigozi zikomeje kwiyongera mu bucucike kugeza kuri 80kW, kwiyongera k'ubucucike bw'ingufu, no kugabanya uburemere mu bikorwa bigoye aho gushyiraho no kubungabunga bigoye. Inverters z'imigozi za 40kW zikomoka kuri Sunny Power ni zo zoroshye cyane mu nganda, zipima ibiro 39 gusa. Sunny Power yahoraga ikoresha uburyo bwo gukonjesha umufana w'ubwenge kugira ngo hirindwe kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe bw'ibice by'imbere no kunoza ubushobozi bwo gushyuha cyane mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Icyerekezo cya 4: Ibindi bicuruzwa byo ku rwego rwa module Module nka Enphase microinverters na SolarEdge power optimizers zirimo kwiyongera cyane. Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu nganda GTM cyiteze ko kohereza ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi byo ku rwego rwa module (MLPE) bizazamuka biva kuri 1.1GW mu 2013 bikagera kuri 5GW mu 2017.
Icyerekezo cya 5: Guhuza imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'umutekano mwinshi no kurinda ubwizerwe Uburinzi bwo kuva amazi, imikorere ya SVG, LVRT, uburinzi bwa module ya DC, uburinzi bwo gutahura impedance, uburinzi bwa PID, uburinzi bw'imirasire, uburinzi bwa PV positive na negative reverse polarity, n'ibindi bintu bihora bitera imbere byongera uburinzi bw'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'umutekano wa sisitemu ya inverters.
Icyerekezo cya 6: Uburyo bwo guhuza ibidukikije bwa inverter buteye imbere. Hamwe no kwiyongera kw'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ya photovoltaic mu turere dukomeye nko ku nkombe, mu butayu, mu misozi miremire, n'ibindi, uburyo inverter irwanya ingese, kurwanya umucanga, n'ibindi bidukikije burimo gutera imbere kugira ngo igire icyizere cyo hejuru.
Zhao Wei yavuze ko binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rishya, ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa bishya rikomeje guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya PV, kunoza imikorere myiza ya sisitemu ya PR, kugabanya ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi (LCOE), kandi amaherezo kugera ku buringanire bwa interineti, ari nacyo kibazo rusange cya buri wese. Imiterere ya sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi izahindurwa, guhuza sisitemu kunozwa, kandi igisubizo cya inverter ihuriweho, transformer y'amashanyarazi aciriritse gishobora koroshya sisitemu cyane, bikagabanya ikiguzi, koroshya ikoreshwa, imikorere myiza, no kwizerwa. Iterambere ry'inganda za inverter ya PV riri kwiyongera, ikoranabuhanga rishya ritandukanye, ibicuruzwa bishya, bihora bihinduka, bihuye n'imimerere y'aho, amarushanwa ijana; muri sitasiyo nini z'amashanyarazi zo hasi, ibisubizo bya centralized for start improvement ni bike, ikiguzi cyo gukora no kubungabunga nyuma ni 1/3 gusa, ibisubizo byinshi by'imikorere ya sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi bigaragaza ko gukora amashanyarazi y'imigozi hamwe na centralized ari byo umukoresha akunda; Inverter z'imigozi za 2/2.5M mu bikorwa bikwirakwizwa nazo zirimo kwiyongera, kandi ingufu nyinshi, imikorere myiza, n'ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi ni byo byerekezo by'ejo hazaza. Interineti ya PV + izaba ingenzi, kandi porogaramu zo kubika ingufu za PV + zizagira ejo hazaza heza.
