Isishwankathelo se-inverter ye-PV I-Inverter, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-power regulator, ingasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa umbane welanga njengezixhobo zombane ezizimeleyo okanye eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi. Ngokwe-waveform modulation, ii-inverters zinokuba yi-square wave, i-step wave, i-sine wave, okanye i-integrated three-phase. Kwiinkqubo eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi, ii-inverters zinokuba yi-transformer-type okanye zibe yi-transformer engaphantsi. Ulwakhiwo lwe-PV inverter Izixhobo ze-semiconductor zenza i-boost circuit kunye ne-inverter bridge circuit ye-inverter, elungisa amandla okuguqula i-AC ngqo. Nazi izixhobo eziphambili ze-semiconductor:
(1) I-sensor yangoku: ifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu, impendulo ekhawulezayo, ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, njl.njl., ii-sensor zangoku ezahlukeneyo zisebenzisa amandla ahlukeneyo, ngokuqhelekileyo i-sensor yangoku yeHall yokuvavanya isampuli yangoku;
(2) I-current transformer: uluhlu olubanzi lwamandla ombane, ngokuqhelekileyo uthotho lwe-BRS;
(3) I-Reactor. Umgaqo wokusebenza kwee-PV inverters Ii-PV inverters zinesekethe yokunyusa kunye nesekethe ye-inverter bridge. Isekethe yokunyusa i-DC voltage iye kwi-output voltage, ngelixa isekethe ye-bridge iyiguqula ibe yi-fixed frequency AC voltage. Ngoko ke, ii-boost kunye nee-inverter bridge circuits ziguqula amandla e-DC abe ngamanqaku e-AC. Ii-Photovoltaic inverters zineengxaki ezili-10 eziqhelekileyo kunye neendlela zokucubungula.
1. Iingxaki zezixhobo I-voltage ephantsi kakhulu, ephezulu kakhulu kunye ne-frequency zizinto ezingahambelaniyo namandla ezixhobo (iikhowudi zempazamo F00-F03). ① Qinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wokhuseleko lomatshini uyayifezekisa na imigangatho yegridi yamandla yendawo. ② Qinisekisa uqhagamshelo lwe-AC output terminal kwaye ulinganise i-voltage usebenzisa i-multimeter. ③ Nqamla igalelo le-PV, uqalise kwakhona umatshini, kwaye ujonge ukuba usebenza ngokwesiqhelo na. ④ Ukuba ingxaki iyaqhubeka, nxibelelana nomsasazi.
2. I-insulation impedance ephantsi Impazamo ye-F07. ① Nqamla i-PV input, qalisa kwakhona umatshini, kwaye ujonge ukuba isebenza rhoqo na. ② Qinisekisa ukuba ukumelana komhlaba we-PV+ kunye ne-PV kudlula i-500KΩ. Ngemiba engaphantsi kwe-500KΩ, nxibelelana nomsasazi we-inverter wasekuhlaleni okanye umboneleli webhodi yebhetri ukuze ufumane uncedo.
3. Umbane ovuzayo kakhulu Impazamo ye-F20 Nqamla igalelo le-PV, qalisa kwakhona umatshini, kwaye ujonge ukuba usebenza rhoqo na. ② Ukuba ayiphumelelanga, nxibelelana nomsasazi.
4. Iradiyetha kunye namaqondo obushushu angaphakathi aphezulu kakhulu kwiimpazamo zeF12, F13. ① Nqamla igalelo le-PV, uqalise kwakhona umatshini, kwaye ujonge ukuba usebenza rhoqo na emva kwemizuzu embalwa yokuphola. ② Qinisekisa ukuba amaqondo obushushu angaphakathi adlula uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lomatshini. Ukuba ingxaki iyaqhubeka, nxibelelana nomsasazi.
5. Ukubeka iliso ngaphandle kwedatha Ukulandelela iWiFi: Qhagamshela iWiFi ye-inverter, jonga iphepha lokubeka iliso ukuze ufumane ulwazi lwe-inverter, phinda ufake i-WiFi module eyakhelwe ngaphakathi okanye jonga uqhagamshelo lwangaphandle lweWiFi RS485 ukuba akukho lwazi lwe-inverter, kwaye ukuba awukwazi ukukhangela iWiFi ye-inverter, jonga imodyuli yeWiFi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuze ubone ukuba ayinxibelelani kakuhle okanye amandla eWiFi angaphandle. Ukubeka iliso kwi-GPRS, vavanya amandla esignali ye-Intanethi yomboneleli wenkonzo efanayo kwindawo yokufakela i-inverter. Jonga ukuba ayinxibelelani kakuhle okanye iimodyuli ze-GPRS zangaphandle ezingenamandla.
6. I-insulation impedance ephantsi Sebenzisa ukukhutshwa. Susa zonke iintambo zamandla kwicala lokufaka le-inverter, uze uzidibanise nganye nganye, sebenzisa i-inverter power-on detection ye-insulation impedance ukuze ufumane imitya yengxaki, jonga isixhumi se-DC ukuba asinayo i-shorting bracket ekhukuliswe ngamanzi okanye i-burnt fusion shorting bracket, kwaye ujonge ukuba kukho indawo emnyama etshileyo emphethweni ebangela ukuvuza kwe-component.
7. Ingxaki yamandla okuvuza Izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophantsi, ukufakelwa okungekho semgangathweni, kunye nokubekwa okungafanelekanga kuyayenza mandundu le ngxaki. Amanqaku okusilela ayanda: izihlanganisi zeDC ezikumgangatho ophantsi, izinto, ukuphakama kokufakwa kwezinto akufanelekile, izixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi ezikumgangatho ophantsi okanye ukuvuza kwamanzi, kunye neengxaki ezifanayo zinokufunyanwa nge-sprinkler ** point kwaye zisonjululwe ngokugquma okuhle. Ukuba ingxaki yiprovince yezinto, tshintsha izinto.
8. I-inverter ayiphenduli iintambo zokufaka ze-DC akufuneki zibuyiselwe umva, uqhagamshelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-DC lunefuthe lokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma kodwa ii-terminals ze-crimp azinazo. Nceda ufunde incwadi yemiyalelo ye-inverter ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-terminals ezilungileyo nezingalunganga kunye ne-crimp zibalulekile. Ukhuseleko lwe-reverse short circuit ye-inverter luyivumela ukuba iqale ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokufakelwa kwentambo okuqhelekileyo.
9. Impazamo yegridiI-overvoltage yegridi: Umthwalo onzima womsebenzi (ukusetyenziswa kwamandla iiyure ezininzi zokusebenza) kunye nomthwalo olula (ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ixesha elincinci lokuphumla) kubonakaliswa apha, kwangaphambili ukuze kuhlolwe i-voltage yegridi, kunye nabavelisi be-inverter ukuba banxibelelane negridi ukwenza indibaniselwano yetekhnoloji ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lweprojekthi lukwinqanaba elifanelekileyo, musa "ukulithatha lula", ingakumbi kwiigridi zamandla zasemaphandleni, i-inverter kwigridi, i-inverter ibaluleke kakhulu. Iigridi zasemaphandleni kunye nee-inverters zinemida engqongqo ye-voltage, i-waveform kunye nomgama. Uninzi lweengxaki ze-overvoltage zibangelwa yi-voltage yomthwalo we-grid eluhlaza edlula okanye esondela kumaxabiso okhuseleko lokhuseleko. Ukuba umgca wegridi mde kakhulu okanye awukho kakuhle, isityalo samandla asinakusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo nangokuthe ngcembe. Impendulo kukufumanisa igunya lokubonelela ngombane lokulungelelanisa i-voltage okanye ukucima igridi kwaye kujongwe umgangatho wokwakhiwa kwesikhululo samandla. "I-grid under-voltage": Le ngxaki ifana ne-grid over-voltage, kodwa inokubangela i-voltage engeyiyo ukuba ii-voltage zesigaba ezizimeleyo ziphantsi kakhulu, ukusasazwa komthwalo kwigridi akuphelelanga, kwaye ii-phase zegridi ziyawa okanye ziqhawuke. Ubuninzi beGrid Ngaphezulu/Ngaphantsi: Ubuninzi beGrid Ngaphezulu/Ngaphantsi: Ubukho bolu bunzima kwigrid eqhelekileyo bubonisa impilo embi yegrid. Akukho voltage yegrid? Jonga imigca ye-grid tie. Jonga ukuba akukho ngxaki ye-grid phase, okanye akukho voltage.
10. Ukhuseleko lwe-DC overvoltage Ngenxa yokufuna ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokusebenza kakuhle kwecandelo, inqanaba lamandla lihlaziywa rhoqo ukuze linyuke, njengoko kunjalo nange-voltage evulekileyo yecandelo kunye ne-voltage yokusebenza. Ii-coefficients zobushushu kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwinqanaba loyilo ukuze kuthintelwe i-overvoltage kunye nomonakalo onzima kwizixhobo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.
IINDLELA EZITHANDATHU ZOBUGCISA EKUPHUCULENI II-PV INVERTERS
Ithrendi 1: Izixhobo ze-Inverter zitshintsha ngokukhawuleza, kuquka i-SiC, i-CAN, i-DSP kunye neendlela ezintsha zokusebenza, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukusebenza kakuhle kweTshayina kufikelele kwi-A+, injongo yayo i-A++.
Ithrendi yesi-2: amandla e-inverter aphakathi, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukunyuka kwe-voltage. Ii-inverter ze-2.5MW kunye nezinye ii-inverter zenqanaba eliphezulu lamandla ziya kusetyenziswa kakhulu kuba zixabisa malunga ne-0.1 yuan/W ngaphantsi kwe-1MW square array, nto leyo enciphisa inkcitho yokuqala ye-10 yezigidi kwisikhululo samandla se-100MW. Ukudibanisa iintambo kuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kokulahleka kwenxalenye ye-DC. Inkqubo ye-1500V iya kulawula ukwakhiwa kwesikhululo samandla esikhulu. Ngaphandle kwezixhobo, igcina i-0.2 yuan/W, okanye i-20 yezigidi kwisikhululo samandla se-100MW.
Ithrendi 3: Ii-string inverters ziyanda kuxinano lwamandla kunye namandla ngeyunithi nganye. Ii-string inverters ziyaqhubeka nokukhula kumandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80kW, ukwanda koxinano lwamandla, kunye nokwehla kobunzima kwiizicelo ezinzima apho ukufakelwa kunye nokugcinwa kunzima. Ii-string inverters ze-40kW ezivela kwi-Sunny Power zezona zikhaphukhaphu kushishino, zinobunzima obuyi-39kg kuphela. I-Sunny Power ibisoloko isebenzisa ukupholisa ifeni ekrelekrele ukuthintela ukunyuka kobushushu becandelo langaphakathi kunye nokuphucula umthamo wokugqithisa we-inverter kwiimeko zobushushu obuphezulu.
Itrendi yesi-4: Iimveliso ezingaphezulu zeLevel Module Iimodyuli ezifana nee-Enphase microinverters kunye nee-SolarEdge power optimizers ziya zixhaphaka ngakumbi. Inkampani yophando lweshishini i-GTM ilindele ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki zamandla zelevel module (MLPE) kunyuke ukusuka kwi-1.1GW ngo-2013 ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-5GW ngo-2017.
I-Trend 5: Ukulungelelaniswa kweGridi kunye noKhuseleko olukhulu kunye noKhuseleko lokuThembeka Ukhuseleko lokuvuza, ukusebenza kwe-SVG, ukhuseleko lwe-LVRT, i-DC module, ukhuseleko lokufunyanwa kwe-insulation impedance, ukhuseleko lwe-PID, ukhuseleko lombane, ukhuseleko lwe-PV oluhle kunye nolubi lwe-reverse polarity, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezihlala ziphucuka zonyusa ukulungelelaniswa kwegridi kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo yee-inverters.
I-Trend 6: Ukulungelelana nokusingqongileyo kwe-inverter okuphuculweyo Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezikhululo zamandla ze-photovoltaic kwiindawo ezinzima ezifana nonxweme, intlango, i-plateau, njl.njl., ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-inverter, ukumelana nesanti, kunye nokunye ukuzivumelanisa nokusingqongileyo kuyaphucuka ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuphezulu.
UZhao Wei uthe ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobuchwepheshe, ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezintsha kuyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza iteknoloji ye-PV, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo i-PR, ukunciphisa iindleko zomjikelo wobomi benkqubo yombane (i-LCOE), kwaye ekugqibeleni kufezekiswe ukulingana kwe-Intanethi, okulumzabalazo oqhelekileyo womntu wonke. Uyilo lwesikhululo samandla luya kutshintshwa, ukuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo kuphuculwe, kwaye isisombululo se-inverter esidibeneyo, isisombululo se-medium voltage transformer sinokwenza lula inkqubo ibe lula, sinciphise iindleko, silula ukusetyenziswa, sisebenza kakuhle, kwaye sithembeke. Uphuhliso lweshishini le-PV inverter luyakhula, iintlobo ngeentlobo zobuchwepheshe obutsha, iimveliso ezintsha, ezihlala zitshintsha, zilungele iimeko zasekuhlaleni, imincintiswano elikhulu; kwizikhululo zamandla ezinkulu zomhlaba, izisombululo ezibekwe phakathi zotyalo-mali lokuqala ziphantsi, iindleko zokusebenza kamva kunye nokugcinwa zi-string 1/3 kuphela, iziphumo ezininzi zokusebenza kwesikhululo samandla zibonisa ukuba ukuveliswa kombane we-string nge-centralized lukhetho olukhethwa ngumsebenzisi; ii-inverters ze-string ze-2/2.5M kwizicelo ezisasazwayo nazo ziyakhula, kwaye amandla aphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye noxinano lwamandla ziindlela zexesha elizayo. I-PV + Internet iya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo, kwaye izicelo zokugcina amandla ze-PV + ziya kuba nekamva eliqaqambileyo.
