Chidule cha PV inverter Inverter, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti power regulator, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mumakina opanga mphamvu ya dzuwa ngati magetsi odziyimira pawokha kapena olumikizidwa ndi gridi. Malinga ndi ma waveform modulation, ma inverter akhoza kukhala ma square wave, step wave, sine wave, kapena integrated three-phase. Mumakina olumikizidwa ndi gridi, ma inverter amatha kukhala amtundu wa transformer kapena transformer yochepa. Kapangidwe ka PV inverter Zipangizo za semiconductor zimapanga boost circuit ndi inverter bridge circuit ya inverter, yomwe imasintha mphamvu yosinthira ya AC mwachindunji. Nazi zida zazikulu za semiconductor:
(1) Sensa yamagetsi: imafuna kulondola kwambiri, kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, kukana kutentha pang'ono, kukana kutentha kwambiri, ndi zina zotero, masensa osiyanasiyana amagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri sensa yamagetsi ya Hall yogwiritsira ntchito zitsanzo zamagetsi;
(2) Transformer yamagetsi: mphamvu yamagetsi yotakata, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mndandanda wa BRS;
(3) Reactor. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya ma PV inverters Ma PV inverters ali ndi boost circuit ndi inverter bridge circuit. Boost circuit imawonjezera DC voltage ku output voltage, pomwe bridge circuit imaisintha kukhala fixed frequency AC voltage. Chifukwa chake, boost ndi inverter bridge circuits amasintha DC power kukhala AC points. Ma photovoltaic inverters ali ndi mavuto 10 ofanana komanso njira zogwirira ntchito.
1. Mavuto a magetsi: Mphamvu yamagetsi yotsika kwambiri komanso yokwera kwambiri ndi zovuta zamagetsi (ma code olakwika F00-F03). ① Dziwani ngati muyezo wa chitetezo cha makinawo ukukwaniritsa zofunikira za gridi yamagetsi yapafupi. ② Tsimikizirani kulumikizana kwa AC output terminal ndikuyesa magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito multimeter. ③ Chotsani cholowera cha PV, yambaninso makinawo, ndikuwona ngati akuyenda bwino. ④ Ngati vutoli likupitirira, funsani wogulitsa.
2. Cholakwika cha F07 chokhudza kukana kutentha kwambiri. ① Chotsani cholowera cha PV, yambaninso makinawo, ndikuwona ngati akugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse. ② Tsimikizani kuti kukana kwa PV+ ndi PV- dziko lapansi kwapitirira 500KΩ. Ngati pali mavuto omwe ali pansi pa 500KΩ, funsani wogulitsa inverter kapena wopereka batire kuti akuthandizeni.
3. Kutuluka kwamphamvu kwa magetsi F20 cholakwika Chotsani cholowera cha PV, yambaninso makinawo, ndikuwona ngati akugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse. ② Ngati sizinatheke, funsani wogulitsa.
4. Radiator ndi kutentha kwa mlengalenga ndi okwera kwambiri F12, zolakwika za F13. ① Chotsani cholowera cha PV, yambaninso makinawo, ndikuwona ngati agwira ntchito nthawi zonse pakatha mphindi zochepa kuchokera pamene makinawo azizizidwa. ② Tsimikizani ngati kutentha kwa mlengalenga kwapitirira mulingo wa makinawo. Ngati vutoli likupitirira, funsani wogulitsa.
5. Kuyang'anira popanda deta Kutsata kwa WiFi: Lumikizani inverter WiFi, yang'anani tsamba loyang'anira kuti mudziwe zambiri za inverter, tsegulaninso WiFi module yomangidwa mkati kapena yang'anani kulumikizana kwa WiFi RS485 yakunja ngati palibe zambiri za inverter, ndipo ngati simungathe kufufuza inverter WiFi, yang'anani module yomangidwa mkati ya WiFi kuti muwone ngati ili yoipa kapena mphamvu ya WiFi yakunja. Kuti muwone GPRS, yesani mphamvu ya chizindikiro cha intaneti ya wopereka chithandizo yemweyo pamalo oyika inverter. Yang'anani ngati pali kukhudzana kofooka kapena ma module akunja a GPRS opanda mphamvu.
6. Kuletsa kutenthetsa pang'ono Gwiritsani ntchito chochotsera. Chotsani zingwe zonse zamagetsi zomwe zili mbali yolowera ya inverter, kenako zilumikizeni chimodzi ndi chimodzi, gwiritsani ntchito inverter power-on detection ya kuletsa kutenthetsa kuti mupeze zingwe zovuta, yang'anani cholumikizira cha DC ngati pali bracket yotsekedwa ndi madzi kapena bracket yotsekedwa yotenthedwa, ndikuyang'ana gawolo ngati lili ndi malo akuda oyaka m'mphepete omwe amachititsa kuti gawolo lituluke.
7. Vuto la mphamvu yotulutsa madzi. Zipangizo zosagwira ntchito bwino, kusayika bwino, komanso kuyika kosayenera kumawonjezera vutoli. Pali zinthu zambiri zolephera: zolumikizira za DC zosagwira ntchito bwino, zigawo, kutalika kwa kukhazikitsa kwa zigawo sikuli koyenera, zida zolumikizidwa ndi gridi zosagwira ntchito bwino kapena kutayikira kwa madzi, ndi mavuto ena ofanana angapezeke kudzera mu malo ospondera ** ndikuthetsedwa ndi kutchinjiriza kwabwino. Ngati vuto ndi gawo la zinthu, sinthani zinthuzo.
8. Inverter siyankha mawaya olowera a DC sayenera kubwezeretsedwa, kulumikizana kwabwinobwino kwa DC kumakhala ndi mphamvu yoletsa kutayikira koma ma crimp terminals satero. Chonde werengani buku la inverter kuti mutsimikizire kuti ma terminals abwino ndi oipa ndi crimp ndizofunikira kwambiri. Chitetezo cha reverse short circuit cha inverter chimalola kuti iyambe bwino pambuyo pa waya wabwinobwino.
9. Vuto la gridiKuchuluka kwa magetsi pa gridi: Kulemera kwa ntchito (kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito) ndi katundu wopepuka (kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu nthawi yochepa yopuma) zikuwonetsedwa apa, pasadakhale kuti afufuze magetsi pa gridi, ndi opanga ma inverter kuti alumikizane ndi gridi kuti achite kuphatikiza ukadaulo kuti atsimikizire kuti kapangidwe ka polojekiti mkati mwa malire oyenera, "musatenge mopepuka", makamaka m'ma gridi amagetsi akumidzi, inverter kupita ku gridi, inverter ndi yofunika kwambiri. Ma gridi akumidzi ndi ma inverter ali ndi malire okhwima a magetsi, mawonekedwe a mafunde ndi mtunda. Mavuto ambiri a magetsi ochulukirapo amayamba chifukwa cha magetsi osaphika omwe amapitilira kapena kuyandikira miyezo yoteteza chitetezo. Ngati mzere wa gridi ndi wautali kwambiri kapena wosakhazikika bwino, chomera chamagetsi sichingagwire ntchito bwino komanso mosalekeza. Yankho lake ndikudziwa mphamvu yoperekera magetsi kuti igwirizanitse magetsi kapena kulekanitsa gridi ndikuyang'anira mtundu wa zomangamanga za siteshoni yamagetsi. "Kuchepa kwa magetsi pa gridi" : Vutoli ndi lofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi pa gridi, koma lingayambitsenso magetsi abodza ngati magetsi odziyimira pawokha ali otsika kwambiri, kugawa kwa katundu pa gridi sikukwanira, ndipo magawo a gridi agwetsedwa kapena kuchotsedwa. Kuchuluka kwa Gridi: Kuchuluka kwa Gridi: Kukhalapo kwa vutoli mu gridi yabwinobwino kumasonyeza kuti gridi siili bwino. Kodi palibe magetsi a gridi? Yang'anani mizere yolumikizira gridi. Yang'anani ngati pali vuto la gridi, kapena palibe magetsi a gridi.
10. Chitetezo cha DC overvoltage Pofunafuna kukonza njira zogwirira ntchito bwino, mphamvu imasinthidwa nthawi zonse kuti ikwere, monganso magetsi otseguka a component ndi voltage yogwirira ntchito. Ma coefficients a kutentha ayenera kuganiziridwa pakupanga kuti apewe overvoltage ndi kuwonongeka kwa zida pa kutentha kochepa.
ZOCHITIKA ZISANU NDI ZIWIRI ZA TEKNOLOJI PAKUPANGA MA PV INVERTER
Njira 1: Zipangizo za inverter zikusintha mofulumira, kuphatikizapo SiC, CAN, DSP ndi ma topology atsopano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito aziyenda bwino. Kuchita bwino kwa China kwafika pa A+, ndi cholinga cha A++.
Njira yachiwiri: mphamvu ya inverter yapakati, kugwira ntchito bwino, ndi kukwera kwa magetsi. 2.5MW ndi ma inverter ena amphamvu apamwamba adzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa amawononga pafupifupi 0.1 yuan/W yochepera 1MW square array, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zoyambira za 10 miliyoni pa chomera chamagetsi cha 100MW. Kufananiza chingwe kumatsimikizira kutayika kwa magawo a DC. Dongosolo la 1500V lidzalamulira ntchito yomanga chomera chachikulu chamagetsi. Kupatula zigawo zake, limasunga 0.2 yuan/W, kapena 20 miliyoni pa siteshoni yamagetsi ya 100MW.
Njira Yachitatu: Ma inverter a zingwe akuwonjezeka mphamvu ndi mphamvu pa unit iliyonse. Ma inverter a zingwe akupitirira kukula mphamvu mpaka 80kW, mphamvu ikuwonjezeka, komanso kulemera kumachepa pa ntchito zovuta pomwe kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza kuli kovuta. Ma inverter a zingwe a 40kW ochokera ku Sunny Power ndi opepuka kwambiri mumakampani, olemera 39kg yokha. Sunny Power nthawi zonse yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito kuziziritsa kwa fan yanzeru kuti ipewe kutentha kwa mkati mwa zigawo ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya inverter munyengo yotentha kwambiri.
Njira Yachinayi: Zinthu Zambiri Zogwiritsa Ntchito Ma Module Ma module monga Enphase microinverters ndi SolarEdge power optimizers akuchulukirachulukira. Kampani yofufuza zamakampani GTM ikuyembekeza kuti kutumiza kwa magetsi amagetsi amagetsi (MLPE) kuchokera pa 1.1GW mu 2013 kufika pa 5GW yoposa mu 2017.
Njira 5: Kusinthasintha kwa Gridi ndi Chitetezo Chachikulu ndi Chitetezo Chodalirika Chitetezo cha kutayikira kwa madzi, magwiridwe antchito a SVG, LVRT, chitetezo cha DC module, chitetezo chozindikira kukana kwa insulation, chitetezo cha PID, chitetezo cha mphezi, chitetezo cha PV chabwino ndi choipa cha reverse polarity, ndi zina zomwe zimakula nthawi zonse zimawonjezera kusinthasintha kwa gridi ndi chitetezo cha makina a inverters.
Njira 6: Kusinthasintha kwabwino kwa inverter pazachilengedwe Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magetsi a photovoltaic m'malo ovuta monga m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'chipululu, m'mapiri, ndi zina zotero, kukana dzimbiri kwa inverter, kukana mchenga, ndi zina zosinthika pazachilengedwe zikukwera kuti zitsimikizire kudalirika kwakukulu.
Zhao Wei adati kudzera mu ukadaulo watsopano, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zatsopano kukupitilizabe kupititsa patsogolo ukadaulo wa PV, kukonza magwiridwe antchito a makina a PR, kuchepetsa mtengo wamagetsi (LCOE), ndikukwaniritsa kufanana kwa intaneti, komwe ndi vuto la aliyense. Kapangidwe ka siteshoni yamagetsi kasinthidwa, kuphatikiza makinawo kukonzedwa, ndipo njira yolumikizirana ya inverter, yosinthira magetsi apakatikati ingathandize kuti makinawo akhale osavuta kwambiri, kuchepetsa ndalama, kusavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, kugwira ntchito bwino, komanso kudalirika. Kukula kwa makampani opanga magetsi a PV kukukwera, ukadaulo watsopano wosiyanasiyana, zinthu zatsopano, zosintha nthawi zonse, zosinthika malinga ndi mikhalidwe yakomweko, mpikisano zana; m'malo akuluakulu opangira magetsi, mayankho apakati kuti ayambe kuyika ndalama ndi otsika, ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza pambuyo pake ndi 1/3 yokha, zotsatira zingapo za malo opangira magetsi zikuwonetsa kuti kupanga magetsi a chingwe ndi centralized ndiye chisankho chomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amakonda; Ma inverter a chingwe a 2/2.5M m'mapulogalamu ogawidwa nawonso akukulirakulira, ndipo mphamvu zambiri, kugwira ntchito bwino, ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi njira zamtsogolo. PV + Internet idzakhala yotchuka, ndipo mapulogalamu osungira mphamvu a PV + adzakhala ndi tsogolo labwino.
